esbuild/internal/js_parser/ts_parser.go

// This file contains code for parsing TypeScript syntax. The parser just skips
// over type expressions as if they are whitespace and doesn't bother generating
// an AST because nothing uses type information.

package js_parser

import (
	"fmt"
	"strings"

	"github.com/evanw/esbuild/internal/ast"
	"github.com/evanw/esbuild/internal/compat"
	"github.com/evanw/esbuild/internal/helpers"
	"github.com/evanw/esbuild/internal/js_ast"
	"github.com/evanw/esbuild/internal/js_lexer"
	"github.com/evanw/esbuild/internal/logger"
)

func (p *parser) skipTypeScriptBinding() {
	switch p.lexer.Token {
	case js_lexer.TIdentifier, js_lexer.TThis:
		p.lexer.Next()

	case js_lexer.TOpenBracket:
		p.lexer.Next()

		// "[, , a]"
		for p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TComma {
			p.lexer.Next()
		}

		// "[a, b]"
		for p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TCloseBracket {
			// "[...a]"
			if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TDotDotDot {
				p.lexer.Next()
			}

			p.skipTypeScriptBinding()
			if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TComma {
				break
			}
			p.lexer.Next()
		}

		p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TCloseBracket)

	case js_lexer.TOpenBrace:
		p.lexer.Next()

		for p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TCloseBrace {
			foundIdentifier := false

			switch p.lexer.Token {
			case js_lexer.TDotDotDot:
				p.lexer.Next()

				if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TIdentifier {
					p.lexer.Unexpected()
				}

				// "{...x}"
				foundIdentifier = true
				p.lexer.Next()

			case js_lexer.TIdentifier:
				// "{x}"
				// "{x: y}"
				foundIdentifier = true
				p.lexer.Next()

				// "{1: y}"
				// "{'x': y}"
			case js_lexer.TStringLiteral, js_lexer.TNumericLiteral:
				p.lexer.Next()

			default:
				if p.lexer.IsIdentifierOrKeyword() {
					// "{if: x}"
					p.lexer.Next()
				} else {
					p.lexer.Unexpected()
				}
			}

			if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TColon || !foundIdentifier {
				p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TColon)
				p.skipTypeScriptBinding()
			}

			if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TComma {
				break
			}
			p.lexer.Next()
		}

		p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TCloseBrace)

	default:
		p.lexer.Unexpected()
	}
}

func (p *parser) skipTypeScriptFnArgs() {
	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TOpenParen)

	for p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TCloseParen {
		// "(...a)"
		if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TDotDotDot {
			p.lexer.Next()
		}

		p.skipTypeScriptBinding()

		// "(a?)"
		if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TQuestion {
			p.lexer.Next()
		}

		// "(a: any)"
		if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TColon {
			p.lexer.Next()
			p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
		}

		// "(a, b)"
		if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TComma {
			break
		}
		p.lexer.Next()
	}

	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TCloseParen)
}

// This is a spot where the TypeScript grammar is highly ambiguous. Here are
// some cases that are valid:
//
//	let x = (y: any): (() => {}) => { };
//	let x = (y: any): () => {} => { };
//	let x = (y: any): (y) => {} => { };
//	let x = (y: any): (y[]) => {};
//	let x = (y: any): (a | b) => {};
//
// Here are some cases that aren't valid:
//
//	let x = (y: any): (y) => {};
//	let x = (y: any): (y) => {return 0};
//	let x = (y: any): asserts y is (y) => {};
func (p *parser) skipTypeScriptParenOrFnType() {
	if p.trySkipTypeScriptArrowArgsWithBacktracking() {
		p.skipTypeScriptReturnType()
	} else {
		p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TOpenParen)
		p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
		p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TCloseParen)
	}
}

func (p *parser) skipTypeScriptReturnType() {
	p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithFlags(js_ast.LLowest, isReturnTypeFlag)
}

func (p *parser) skipTypeScriptType(level js_ast.L) {
	p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithFlags(level, 0)
}

type skipTypeFlags uint8

const (
	isReturnTypeFlag skipTypeFlags = 1 << iota
	isIndexSignatureFlag
	allowTupleLabelsFlag
	disallowConditionalTypesFlag
)

func (flags skipTypeFlags) has(flag skipTypeFlags) bool {
	return (flags & flag) != 0
}

type tsTypeIdentifierKind uint8

const (
	tsTypeIdentifierNormal tsTypeIdentifierKind = iota
	tsTypeIdentifierUnique
	tsTypeIdentifierAbstract
	tsTypeIdentifierAsserts
	tsTypeIdentifierPrefix
	tsTypeIdentifierPrimitive
	tsTypeIdentifierInfer
)

// Use a map to improve lookup speed
var tsTypeIdentifierMap = map[string]tsTypeIdentifierKind{
	"unique":   tsTypeIdentifierUnique,
	"abstract": tsTypeIdentifierAbstract,
	"asserts":  tsTypeIdentifierAsserts,

	"keyof":    tsTypeIdentifierPrefix,
	"readonly": tsTypeIdentifierPrefix,

	"any":       tsTypeIdentifierPrimitive,
	"never":     tsTypeIdentifierPrimitive,
	"unknown":   tsTypeIdentifierPrimitive,
	"undefined": tsTypeIdentifierPrimitive,
	"object":    tsTypeIdentifierPrimitive,
	"number":    tsTypeIdentifierPrimitive,
	"string":    tsTypeIdentifierPrimitive,
	"boolean":   tsTypeIdentifierPrimitive,
	"bigint":    tsTypeIdentifierPrimitive,
	"symbol":    tsTypeIdentifierPrimitive,

	"infer": tsTypeIdentifierInfer,
}

func (p *parser) skipTypeScriptTypeWithFlags(level js_ast.L, flags skipTypeFlags) {
loop:
	for {
		switch p.lexer.Token {
		case js_lexer.TNumericLiteral, js_lexer.TBigIntegerLiteral, js_lexer.TStringLiteral,
			js_lexer.TNoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral, js_lexer.TTrue, js_lexer.TFalse,
			js_lexer.TNull, js_lexer.TVoid:
			p.lexer.Next()

		case js_lexer.TConst:
			r := p.lexer.Range()
			p.lexer.Next()

			// "[const: number]"
			if flags.has(allowTupleLabelsFlag) && p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TColon {
				p.log.AddError(&p.tracker, r, "Unexpected \"const\"")
			}

		case js_lexer.TThis:
			p.lexer.Next()

			// "function check(): this is boolean"
			if p.lexer.IsContextualKeyword("is") && !p.lexer.HasNewlineBefore {
				p.lexer.Next()
				p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
				return
			}

		case js_lexer.TMinus:
			// "-123"
			// "-123n"
			p.lexer.Next()
			if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TBigIntegerLiteral {
				p.lexer.Next()
			} else {
				p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TNumericLiteral)
			}

		case js_lexer.TAmpersand:
		case js_lexer.TBar:
			// Support things like "type Foo = | A | B" and "type Foo = & A & B"
			p.lexer.Next()
			continue

		case js_lexer.TImport:
			// "import('fs')"
			p.lexer.Next()

			// "[import: number]"
			// "[import?: number]"
			if flags.has(allowTupleLabelsFlag) && (p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TColon || p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TQuestion) {
				return
			}

			p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TOpenParen)
			p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TStringLiteral)

			// "import('./foo.json', { assert: { type: 'json' } })"
			if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TComma {
				p.lexer.Next()
				p.skipTypeScriptObjectType()

				// "import('./foo.json', { assert: { type: 'json' } }, )"
				if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TComma {
					p.lexer.Next()
				}
			}

			p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TCloseParen)

		case js_lexer.TNew:
			// "new () => Foo"
			// "new <T>() => Foo<T>"
			p.lexer.Next()

			// "[new: number]"
			// "[new?: number]"
			if flags.has(allowTupleLabelsFlag) && (p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TColon || p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TQuestion) {
				return
			}

			p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(allowConstModifier)
			p.skipTypeScriptParenOrFnType()

		case js_lexer.TLessThan:
			// "<T>() => Foo<T>"
			p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(allowConstModifier)
			p.skipTypeScriptParenOrFnType()

		case js_lexer.TOpenParen:
			// "(number | string)"
			p.skipTypeScriptParenOrFnType()

		case js_lexer.TIdentifier:
			kind := tsTypeIdentifierMap[p.lexer.Identifier.String]
			checkTypeParameters := true

			switch kind {
			case tsTypeIdentifierPrefix:
				p.lexer.Next()

				// Valid:
				//   "[keyof: string]"
				//   "[keyof?: string]"
				//   "{[keyof: string]: number}"
				//   "{[keyof in string]: number}"
				//
				// Invalid:
				//   "A extends B ? keyof : string"
				//
				if (p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TColon && p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TQuestion && p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TIn) ||
					(!flags.has(isIndexSignatureFlag) && !flags.has(allowTupleLabelsFlag)) {
					p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LPrefix)
				}
				break loop

			case tsTypeIdentifierInfer:
				p.lexer.Next()

				// "type Foo = Bar extends [infer T] ? T : null"
				// "type Foo = Bar extends [infer T extends string] ? T : null"
				// "type Foo = Bar extends [infer T extends string ? infer T : never] ? T : null"
				// "type Foo = { [infer in Bar]: number }"
				// "type Foo = [infer: number]"
				// "type Foo = [infer?: number]"
				if (p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TColon && p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TQuestion && p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TIn) ||
					(!flags.has(isIndexSignatureFlag) && !flags.has(allowTupleLabelsFlag)) {
					p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TIdentifier)
					if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TExtends {
						p.trySkipTypeScriptConstraintOfInferTypeWithBacktracking(flags)
					}
				}
				break loop

			case tsTypeIdentifierUnique:
				p.lexer.Next()

				// "let foo: unique symbol"
				if p.lexer.IsContextualKeyword("symbol") {
					p.lexer.Next()
					break loop
				}

			case tsTypeIdentifierAbstract:
				p.lexer.Next()

				// "let foo: abstract new () => {}" added in TypeScript 4.2
				if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TNew {
					continue
				}

			case tsTypeIdentifierAsserts:
				p.lexer.Next()

				// "function assert(x: boolean): asserts x"
				// "function assert(x: boolean): asserts x is boolean"
				if flags.has(isReturnTypeFlag) && !p.lexer.HasNewlineBefore && (p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TIdentifier || p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TThis) {
					p.lexer.Next()
				}

			case tsTypeIdentifierPrimitive:
				p.lexer.Next()
				checkTypeParameters = false

			default:
				p.lexer.Next()
			}

			// "function assert(x: any): x is boolean"
			if p.lexer.IsContextualKeyword("is") && !p.lexer.HasNewlineBefore {
				p.lexer.Next()
				p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
				return
			}

			// "let foo: any \n <number>foo" must not become a single type
			if checkTypeParameters && !p.lexer.HasNewlineBefore {
				p.skipTypeScriptTypeArguments(skipTypeScriptTypeArgumentsOpts{})
			}

		case js_lexer.TTypeof:
			p.lexer.Next()

			// "[typeof: number]"
			// "[typeof?: number]"
			if flags.has(allowTupleLabelsFlag) && (p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TColon || p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TQuestion) {
				return
			}

			if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TImport {
				// "typeof import('fs')"
				continue
			} else {
				// "typeof x"
				if !p.lexer.IsIdentifierOrKeyword() {
					p.lexer.Expected(js_lexer.TIdentifier)
				}
				p.lexer.Next()

				// "typeof x.y"
				// "typeof x.#y"
				for p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TDot {
					p.lexer.Next()
					if !p.lexer.IsIdentifierOrKeyword() && p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TPrivateIdentifier {
						p.lexer.Expected(js_lexer.TIdentifier)
					}
					p.lexer.Next()
				}

				if !p.lexer.HasNewlineBefore {
					p.skipTypeScriptTypeArguments(skipTypeScriptTypeArgumentsOpts{})
				}
			}

		case js_lexer.TOpenBracket:
			// "[number, string]"
			// "[first: number, second: string]"
			p.lexer.Next()
			for p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TCloseBracket {
				if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TDotDotDot {
					p.lexer.Next()
				}
				p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithFlags(js_ast.LLowest, allowTupleLabelsFlag)
				if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TQuestion {
					p.lexer.Next()
				}
				if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TColon {
					p.lexer.Next()
					p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
				}
				if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TComma {
					break
				}
				p.lexer.Next()
			}
			p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TCloseBracket)

		case js_lexer.TOpenBrace:
			p.skipTypeScriptObjectType()

		case js_lexer.TTemplateHead:
			// "`${'a' | 'b'}-${'c' | 'd'}`"
			for {
				p.lexer.Next()
				p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
				p.lexer.RescanCloseBraceAsTemplateToken()
				if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TTemplateTail {
					p.lexer.Next()
					break
				}
			}

		default:
			// "[function: number]"
			// "[function?: number]"
			if flags.has(allowTupleLabelsFlag) && p.lexer.IsIdentifierOrKeyword() {
				if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TFunction {
					p.log.AddError(&p.tracker, p.lexer.Range(), fmt.Sprintf("Unexpected %q", p.lexer.Raw()))
				}
				p.lexer.Next()
				if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TColon && p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TQuestion {
					p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TColon)
				}
				return
			}

			p.lexer.Unexpected()
		}
		break
	}

	for {
		switch p.lexer.Token {
		case js_lexer.TBar:
			if level >= js_ast.LBitwiseOr {
				return
			}
			p.lexer.Next()
			p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithFlags(js_ast.LBitwiseOr, flags)

		case js_lexer.TAmpersand:
			if level >= js_ast.LBitwiseAnd {
				return
			}
			p.lexer.Next()
			p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithFlags(js_ast.LBitwiseAnd, flags)

		case js_lexer.TExclamation:
			// A postfix "!" is allowed in JSDoc types in TypeScript, which are only
			// present in comments. While it's not valid in a non-comment position,
			// it's still parsed and turned into a soft error by the TypeScript
			// compiler. It turns out parsing this is important for correctness for
			// "as" casts because the "!" token must still be consumed.
			if p.lexer.HasNewlineBefore {
				return
			}
			p.lexer.Next()

		case js_lexer.TDot:
			p.lexer.Next()
			if !p.lexer.IsIdentifierOrKeyword() {
				p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TIdentifier)
			}
			p.lexer.Next()

			// "{ <A extends B>(): c.d \n <E extends F>(): g.h }" must not become a single type
			if !p.lexer.HasNewlineBefore {
				p.skipTypeScriptTypeArguments(skipTypeScriptTypeArgumentsOpts{})
			}

		case js_lexer.TOpenBracket:
			// "{ ['x']: string \n ['y']: string }" must not become a single type
			if p.lexer.HasNewlineBefore {
				return
			}
			p.lexer.Next()
			if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TCloseBracket {
				p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
			}
			p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TCloseBracket)

		case js_lexer.TExtends:
			// "{ x: number \n extends: boolean }" must not become a single type
			if p.lexer.HasNewlineBefore || flags.has(disallowConditionalTypesFlag) {
				return
			}
			p.lexer.Next()

			// The type following "extends" is not permitted to be another conditional type
			p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithFlags(js_ast.LLowest, disallowConditionalTypesFlag)
			p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TQuestion)
			p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
			p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TColon)
			p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)

		default:
			return
		}
	}
}

func (p *parser) skipTypeScriptObjectType() {
	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TOpenBrace)

	for p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TCloseBrace {
		// "{ -readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K] }"
		// "{ +readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K] }"
		if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TPlus || p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TMinus {
			p.lexer.Next()
		}

		// Skip over modifiers and the property identifier
		foundKey := false
		for p.lexer.IsIdentifierOrKeyword() ||
			p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TStringLiteral ||
			p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TNumericLiteral {
			p.lexer.Next()
			foundKey = true
		}

		if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TOpenBracket {
			// Index signature or computed property
			p.lexer.Next()
			p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithFlags(js_ast.LLowest, isIndexSignatureFlag)

			// "{ [key: string]: number }"
			// "{ readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K] }"
			if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TColon {
				p.lexer.Next()
				p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
			} else if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TIn {
				p.lexer.Next()
				p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
				if p.lexer.IsContextualKeyword("as") {
					// "{ [K in keyof T as `get-${K}`]: T[K] }"
					p.lexer.Next()
					p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
				}
			}

			p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TCloseBracket)

			// "{ [K in keyof T]+?: T[K] }"
			// "{ [K in keyof T]-?: T[K] }"
			if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TPlus || p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TMinus {
				p.lexer.Next()
			}

			foundKey = true
		}

		// "?" indicates an optional property
		// "!" indicates an initialization assertion
		if foundKey && (p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TQuestion || p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TExclamation) {
			p.lexer.Next()
		}

		// Type parameters come right after the optional mark
		p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(allowConstModifier)

		switch p.lexer.Token {
		case js_lexer.TColon:
			// Regular property
			if !foundKey {
				p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TIdentifier)
			}
			p.lexer.Next()
			p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)

		case js_lexer.TOpenParen:
			// Method signature
			p.skipTypeScriptFnArgs()
			if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TColon {
				p.lexer.Next()
				p.skipTypeScriptReturnType()
			}

		default:
			if !foundKey {
				p.lexer.Unexpected()
			}
		}

		switch p.lexer.Token {
		case js_lexer.TCloseBrace:

		case js_lexer.TComma, js_lexer.TSemicolon:
			p.lexer.Next()

		default:
			if !p.lexer.HasNewlineBefore {
				p.lexer.Unexpected()
			}
		}
	}

	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TCloseBrace)
}

type typeParameterFlags uint8

const (
	// TypeScript 4.7
	allowInOutVarianceAnnotations typeParameterFlags = 1 << iota

	// TypeScript 5.0
	allowConstModifier

	// Allow "<>" without any type parameters
	allowEmptyTypeParameters
)

type skipTypeScriptTypeParametersResult uint8

const (
	didNotSkipAnything skipTypeScriptTypeParametersResult = iota
	couldBeTypeCast
	definitelyTypeParameters
)

// This is the type parameter declarations that go with other symbol
// declarations (class, function, type, etc.)
func (p *parser) skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(flags typeParameterFlags) skipTypeScriptTypeParametersResult {
	if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TLessThan {
		return didNotSkipAnything
	}

	p.lexer.Next()
	result := couldBeTypeCast

	if (flags&allowEmptyTypeParameters) != 0 && p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TGreaterThan {
		p.lexer.Next()
		return definitelyTypeParameters
	}

	for {
		hasIn := false
		hasOut := false
		expectIdentifier := true
		invalidModifierRange := logger.Range{}

		// Scan over a sequence of "in" and "out" modifiers (a.k.a. optional
		// variance annotations) as well as "const" modifiers
		for {
			if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TConst {
				if invalidModifierRange.Len == 0 && (flags&allowConstModifier) == 0 {
					// Valid:
					//   "class Foo<const T> {}"
					// Invalid:
					//   "interface Foo<const T> {}"
					invalidModifierRange = p.lexer.Range()
				}
				result = definitelyTypeParameters
				p.lexer.Next()
				expectIdentifier = true
				continue
			}

			if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TIn {
				if invalidModifierRange.Len == 0 && ((flags&allowInOutVarianceAnnotations) == 0 || hasIn || hasOut) {
					// Valid:
					//   "type Foo<in T> = T"
					// Invalid:
					//   "type Foo<in in T> = T"
					//   "type Foo<out in T> = T"
					invalidModifierRange = p.lexer.Range()
				}
				p.lexer.Next()
				hasIn = true
				expectIdentifier = true
				continue
			}

			if p.lexer.IsContextualKeyword("out") {
				r := p.lexer.Range()
				if invalidModifierRange.Len == 0 && (flags&allowInOutVarianceAnnotations) == 0 {
					invalidModifierRange = r
				}
				p.lexer.Next()
				if invalidModifierRange.Len == 0 && hasOut && (p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TIn || p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TIdentifier) {
					// Valid:
					//   "type Foo<out T> = T"
					//   "type Foo<out out> = T"
					//   "type Foo<out out, T> = T"
					//   "type Foo<out out = T> = T"
					//   "type Foo<out out extends T> = T"
					// Invalid:
					//   "type Foo<out out in T> = T"
					//   "type Foo<out out T> = T"
					invalidModifierRange = r
				}
				hasOut = true
				expectIdentifier = false
				continue
			}

			break
		}

		// Only report an error for the first invalid modifier
		if invalidModifierRange.Len > 0 {
			p.log.AddError(&p.tracker, invalidModifierRange, fmt.Sprintf(
				"The modifier %q is not valid here:", p.source.TextForRange(invalidModifierRange)))
		}

		// expectIdentifier => Mandatory identifier (e.g. after "type Foo <in ___")
		// !expectIdentifier => Optional identifier (e.g. after "type Foo <out ___" since "out" may be the identifier)
		if expectIdentifier || p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TIdentifier {
			p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TIdentifier)
		}

		// "class Foo<T extends number> {}"
		if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TExtends {
			result = definitelyTypeParameters
			p.lexer.Next()
			p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
		}

		// "class Foo<T = void> {}"
		if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TEquals {
			result = definitelyTypeParameters
			p.lexer.Next()
			p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
		}

		if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TComma {
			break
		}
		p.lexer.Next()
		if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TGreaterThan {
			result = definitelyTypeParameters
			break
		}
	}

	p.lexer.ExpectGreaterThan(false /* isInsideJSXElement */)
	return result
}

type skipTypeScriptTypeArgumentsOpts struct {
	isInsideJSXElement               bool
	isParseTypeArgumentsInExpression bool
}

func (p *parser) skipTypeScriptTypeArguments(opts skipTypeScriptTypeArgumentsOpts) bool {
	switch p.lexer.Token {
	case js_lexer.TLessThan, js_lexer.TLessThanEquals,
		js_lexer.TLessThanLessThan, js_lexer.TLessThanLessThanEquals:
	default:
		return false
	}

	p.lexer.ExpectLessThan(false /* isInsideJSXElement */)

	for {
		p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
		if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TComma {
			break
		}
		p.lexer.Next()
	}

	// This type argument list must end with a ">"
	if !opts.isParseTypeArgumentsInExpression {
		// Normally TypeScript allows any token starting with ">". For example,
		// "Array<Array<number>>()" is a type argument list even though there's a
		// ">>" token, because ">>" starts with ">".
		p.lexer.ExpectGreaterThan(opts.isInsideJSXElement)
	} else {
		// However, if we're emulating the TypeScript compiler's function called
		// "parseTypeArgumentsInExpression" function, then we must only allow the
		// ">" token itself. For example, "x < y >= z" is not a type argument list.
		//
		// This doesn't detect ">>" in "Array<Array<number>>()" because the inner
		// type argument list isn't a call to "parseTypeArgumentsInExpression"
		// because it's within a type context, not an expression context. So the
		// token that we see here is ">" in that case because the first ">" has
		// already been stripped off of the ">>" by the inner call.
		if opts.isInsideJSXElement {
			p.lexer.ExpectInsideJSXElement(js_lexer.TGreaterThan)
		} else {
			p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TGreaterThan)
		}
	}
	return true
}

func (p *parser) trySkipTypeArgumentsInExpressionWithBacktracking() bool {
	oldLexer := p.lexer
	p.lexer.IsLogDisabled = true

	// Implement backtracking by restoring the lexer's memory to its original state
	defer func() {
		r := recover()
		if _, isLexerPanic := r.(js_lexer.LexerPanic); isLexerPanic {
			p.lexer = oldLexer
		} else if r != nil {
			panic(r)
		}
	}()

	if p.skipTypeScriptTypeArguments(skipTypeScriptTypeArgumentsOpts{isParseTypeArgumentsInExpression: true}) {
		// Check the token after the type argument list and backtrack if it's invalid
		if !p.tsCanFollowTypeArgumentsInExpression() {
			p.lexer.Unexpected()
		}
	}

	// Restore the log disabled flag. Note that we can't just set it back to false
	// because it may have been true to start with.
	p.lexer.IsLogDisabled = oldLexer.IsLogDisabled
	return true
}

func (p *parser) trySkipTypeScriptTypeParametersThenOpenParenWithBacktracking() skipTypeScriptTypeParametersResult {
	oldLexer := p.lexer
	p.lexer.IsLogDisabled = true

	// Implement backtracking by restoring the lexer's memory to its original state
	defer func() {
		r := recover()
		if _, isLexerPanic := r.(js_lexer.LexerPanic); isLexerPanic {
			p.lexer = oldLexer
		} else if r != nil {
			panic(r)
		}
	}()

	result := p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(allowConstModifier)
	if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TOpenParen {
		p.lexer.Unexpected()
	}

	// Restore the log disabled flag. Note that we can't just set it back to false
	// because it may have been true to start with.
	p.lexer.IsLogDisabled = oldLexer.IsLogDisabled
	return result
}

func (p *parser) trySkipTypeScriptArrowReturnTypeWithBacktracking() bool {
	oldLexer := p.lexer
	p.lexer.IsLogDisabled = true

	// Implement backtracking by restoring the lexer's memory to its original state
	defer func() {
		r := recover()
		if _, isLexerPanic := r.(js_lexer.LexerPanic); isLexerPanic {
			p.lexer = oldLexer
		} else if r != nil {
			panic(r)
		}
	}()

	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TColon)
	p.skipTypeScriptReturnType()

	// Check the token after this and backtrack if it's the wrong one
	if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TEqualsGreaterThan {
		p.lexer.Unexpected()
	}

	// Restore the log disabled flag. Note that we can't just set it back to false
	// because it may have been true to start with.
	p.lexer.IsLogDisabled = oldLexer.IsLogDisabled
	return true
}

// This is a very specific function that determines whether a colon token is a
// TypeScript arrow function return type in the case where the arrow function
// is the middle expression of a JavaScript ternary operator (i.e. is between
// the "?" and ":" tokens). It's separate from the other function above called
// "trySkipTypeScriptArrowReturnTypeWithBacktracking" because it's much more
// expensive, and likely not as robust.
func (originalParser *parser) isTypeScriptArrowReturnTypeAfterQuestionAndBeforeColon(await awaitOrYield) bool {
	// Implement "backtracking" by swallowing lexer errors on a temporary parser
	defer func() {
		r := recover()
		if _, isLexerPanic := r.(js_lexer.LexerPanic); isLexerPanic {
			return // Swallow this error
		} else if r != nil {
			panic(r)
		}
	}()

	// THIS IS A GROSS HACK. Some context:
	//
	// JavaScript is designed to not require a backtracking parser. Generally a
	// backtracking parser is not regarded as a good thing and you try to avoid
	// having one if it's not necessary.
	//
	// However, TypeScript's parser does do backtracking in an (admittedly noble)
	// effort to retrofit nice type syntax onto JavaScript. Up until this edge
	// case was discovered, this backtracking was limited to type syntax so
	// esbuild could deal with it by using a backtracking lexer without needing a
	// backtracking parser.
	//
	// This edge case requires a backtracking parser. The TypeScript compiler's
	// algorithm for parsing this is to try to parse the entire arrow function
	// body and then reset all the way back to the colon for the arrow function
	// return type if the token following the arrow function body is not another
	// colon. For example:
	//
	//   x = a ? (b) : c => d;
	//   y = a ? (b) : c => d : e;
	//
	// The first colon of "x" pairs with the "?" because the arrow function
	// "(b) : c => d" is not followed by a colon. However, the first colon of "y"
	// starts a return type because the arrow function "(b) : c => d" is followed
	// by a colon. In other words, the first ":" before the arrow function body
	// must pair with the "?" unless there is another ":" to pair with it after
	// the function body.
	//
	// I'm not going to rewrite esbuild's parser to support backtracking for this
	// one edge case. So instead, esbuild tries to parse the arrow function body
	// using a rough copy of the parser and then always throws the result away.
	// So arrow function bodies will always be parsed twice for this edge case.
	//
	// This is a hack instead of a good solution because the parser isn't designed
	// for this, and doing this is not going to have good test coverage given that
	// it's an edge case. We can't prevent parser code (either currently or in the
	// future) from accidentally depending on some parser state that isn't cloned
	// here. That could result in a parser panic when parsing a more complex
	// version of this edge case.
	p := newParser(logger.NewDeferLog(logger.DeferLogNoVerboseOrDebug, nil), originalParser.source, originalParser.lexer, &originalParser.options)

	// Clone all state that the parser needs to parse this arrow function body
	p.allowIn = originalParser.allowIn
	p.lexer.IsLogDisabled = true
	p.pushScopeForParsePass(js_ast.ScopeEntry, logger.Loc{Start: 0})
	p.pushScopeForParsePass(js_ast.ScopeFunctionArgs, logger.Loc{Start: 1})

	// Parse the return type
	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TColon)
	p.skipTypeScriptReturnType()

	// Parse the body and throw it out (with the side effect of maybe throwing an error)
	_ = p.parseArrowBody([]js_ast.Arg{}, fnOrArrowDataParse{await: await})

	// There must be a colon following the arrow function body to pair with the leading "?"
	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TColon)

	// Parsing was successful if we get here
	return true
}

func (p *parser) trySkipTypeScriptArrowArgsWithBacktracking() bool {
	oldLexer := p.lexer
	p.lexer.IsLogDisabled = true

	// Implement backtracking by restoring the lexer's memory to its original state
	defer func() {
		r := recover()
		if _, isLexerPanic := r.(js_lexer.LexerPanic); isLexerPanic {
			p.lexer = oldLexer
		} else if r != nil {
			panic(r)
		}
	}()

	p.skipTypeScriptFnArgs()
	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TEqualsGreaterThan)

	// Restore the log disabled flag. Note that we can't just set it back to false
	// because it may have been true to start with.
	p.lexer.IsLogDisabled = oldLexer.IsLogDisabled
	return true
}

func (p *parser) trySkipTypeScriptConstraintOfInferTypeWithBacktracking(flags skipTypeFlags) bool {
	oldLexer := p.lexer
	p.lexer.IsLogDisabled = true

	// Implement backtracking by restoring the lexer's memory to its original state
	defer func() {
		r := recover()
		if _, isLexerPanic := r.(js_lexer.LexerPanic); isLexerPanic {
			p.lexer = oldLexer
		} else if r != nil {
			panic(r)
		}
	}()

	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TExtends)
	p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithFlags(js_ast.LPrefix, disallowConditionalTypesFlag)
	if !flags.has(disallowConditionalTypesFlag) && p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TQuestion {
		p.lexer.Unexpected()
	}

	// Restore the log disabled flag. Note that we can't just set it back to false
	// because it may have been true to start with.
	p.lexer.IsLogDisabled = oldLexer.IsLogDisabled
	return true
}

// Returns true if the current less-than token is considered to be an arrow
// function under TypeScript's rules for files containing JSX syntax
func (p *parser) isTSArrowFnJSX() (isTSArrowFn bool) {
	oldLexer := p.lexer
	p.lexer.Next()

	// Look ahead to see if this should be an arrow function instead
	if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TConst {
		p.lexer.Next()
	}
	if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TIdentifier {
		p.lexer.Next()
		if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TComma || p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TEquals {
			isTSArrowFn = true
		} else if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TExtends {
			p.lexer.Next()
			isTSArrowFn = p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TEquals && p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TGreaterThan && p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TSlash
		}
	}

	// Restore the lexer
	p.lexer = oldLexer
	return
}

// This function is taken from the official TypeScript compiler source code:
// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/master/src/compiler/parser.ts
//
// This function is pretty inefficient as written, and could be collapsed into
// a single switch statement. But that would make it harder to keep this in
// sync with the TypeScript compiler's source code, so we keep doing it the
// slow way.
func (p *parser) tsCanFollowTypeArgumentsInExpression() bool {
	switch p.lexer.Token {
	case
		// These tokens can follow a type argument list in a call expression.
		js_lexer.TOpenParen,                     // foo<x>(
		js_lexer.TNoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral, // foo<T> `...`
		js_lexer.TTemplateHead:                  // foo<T> `...${100}...`
		return true

	// A type argument list followed by `<` never makes sense, and a type argument list followed
	// by `>` is ambiguous with a (re-scanned) `>>` operator, so we disqualify both. Also, in
	// this context, `+` and `-` are unary operators, not binary operators.
	case js_lexer.TLessThan,
		js_lexer.TGreaterThan,
		js_lexer.TPlus,
		js_lexer.TMinus,
		// TypeScript always sees "TGreaterThan" instead of these tokens since
		// their scanner works a little differently than our lexer. So since
		// "TGreaterThan" is forbidden above, we also forbid these too.
		js_lexer.TGreaterThanEquals,
		js_lexer.TGreaterThanGreaterThan,
		js_lexer.TGreaterThanGreaterThanEquals,
		js_lexer.TGreaterThanGreaterThanGreaterThan,
		js_lexer.TGreaterThanGreaterThanGreaterThanEquals:
		return false
	}

	// We favor the type argument list interpretation when it is immediately followed by
	// a line break, a binary operator, or something that can't start an expression.
	return p.lexer.HasNewlineBefore || p.tsIsBinaryOperator() || !p.tsIsStartOfExpression()
}

// This function is taken from the official TypeScript compiler source code:
// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/master/src/compiler/parser.ts
func (p *parser) tsIsBinaryOperator() bool {
	switch p.lexer.Token {
	case js_lexer.TIn:
		return p.allowIn

	case
		js_lexer.TQuestionQuestion,
		js_lexer.TBarBar,
		js_lexer.TAmpersandAmpersand,
		js_lexer.TBar,
		js_lexer.TCaret,
		js_lexer.TAmpersand,
		js_lexer.TEqualsEquals,
		js_lexer.TExclamationEquals,
		js_lexer.TEqualsEqualsEquals,
		js_lexer.TExclamationEqualsEquals,
		js_lexer.TLessThan,
		js_lexer.TGreaterThan,
		js_lexer.TLessThanEquals,
		js_lexer.TGreaterThanEquals,
		js_lexer.TInstanceof,
		js_lexer.TLessThanLessThan,
		js_lexer.TGreaterThanGreaterThan,
		js_lexer.TGreaterThanGreaterThanGreaterThan,
		js_lexer.TPlus,
		js_lexer.TMinus,
		js_lexer.TAsterisk,
		js_lexer.TSlash,
		js_lexer.TPercent,
		js_lexer.TAsteriskAsterisk:
		return true

	case js_lexer.TIdentifier:
		if p.lexer.IsContextualKeyword("as") || p.lexer.IsContextualKeyword("satisfies") {
			return true
		}
	}

	return false
}

// This function is taken from the official TypeScript compiler source code:
// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/master/src/compiler/parser.ts
func (p *parser) tsIsStartOfExpression() bool {
	if p.tsIsStartOfLeftHandSideExpression() {
		return true
	}

	switch p.lexer.Token {
	case
		js_lexer.TPlus,
		js_lexer.TMinus,
		js_lexer.TTilde,
		js_lexer.TExclamation,
		js_lexer.TDelete,
		js_lexer.TTypeof,
		js_lexer.TVoid,
		js_lexer.TPlusPlus,
		js_lexer.TMinusMinus,
		js_lexer.TLessThan,
		js_lexer.TPrivateIdentifier,
		js_lexer.TAt:
		return true

	default:
		if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TIdentifier && (p.lexer.Identifier.String == "await" || p.lexer.Identifier.String == "yield") {
			// Yield/await always starts an expression.  Either it is an identifier (in which case
			// it is definitely an expression).  Or it's a keyword (either because we're in
			// a generator or async function, or in strict mode (or both)) and it started a yield or await expression.
			return true
		}

		// Error tolerance.  If we see the start of some binary operator, we consider
		// that the start of an expression.  That way we'll parse out a missing identifier,
		// give a good message about an identifier being missing, and then consume the
		// rest of the binary expression.
		if p.tsIsBinaryOperator() {
			return true
		}

		return p.tsIsIdentifier()
	}
}

// This function is taken from the official TypeScript compiler source code:
// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/master/src/compiler/parser.ts
func (p *parser) tsIsStartOfLeftHandSideExpression() bool {
	switch p.lexer.Token {
	case
		js_lexer.TThis,
		js_lexer.TSuper,
		js_lexer.TNull,
		js_lexer.TTrue,
		js_lexer.TFalse,
		js_lexer.TNumericLiteral,
		js_lexer.TBigIntegerLiteral,
		js_lexer.TStringLiteral,
		js_lexer.TNoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral,
		js_lexer.TTemplateHead,
		js_lexer.TOpenParen,
		js_lexer.TOpenBracket,
		js_lexer.TOpenBrace,
		js_lexer.TFunction,
		js_lexer.TClass,
		js_lexer.TNew,
		js_lexer.TSlash,
		js_lexer.TSlashEquals,
		js_lexer.TIdentifier:
		return true

	case js_lexer.TImport:
		return p.tsLookAheadNextTokenIsOpenParenOrLessThanOrDot()

	default:
		return p.tsIsIdentifier()
	}
}

// This function is taken from the official TypeScript compiler source code:
// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/master/src/compiler/parser.ts
func (p *parser) tsLookAheadNextTokenIsOpenParenOrLessThanOrDot() (result bool) {
	oldLexer := p.lexer
	p.lexer.Next()

	result = p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TOpenParen ||
		p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TLessThan ||
		p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TDot

	// Restore the lexer
	p.lexer = oldLexer
	return
}

// This function is taken from the official TypeScript compiler source code:
// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/master/src/compiler/parser.ts
func (p *parser) tsIsIdentifier() bool {
	if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TIdentifier {
		// If we have a 'yield' keyword, and we're in the [yield] context, then 'yield' is
		// considered a keyword and is not an identifier.
		if p.fnOrArrowDataParse.yield != allowIdent && p.lexer.Identifier.String == "yield" {
			return false
		}

		// If we have a 'await' keyword, and we're in the [Await] context, then 'await' is
		// considered a keyword and is not an identifier.
		if p.fnOrArrowDataParse.await != allowIdent && p.lexer.Identifier.String == "await" {
			return false
		}

		return true
	}

	return false
}

func (p *parser) skipTypeScriptInterfaceStmt(opts parseStmtOpts) {
	name := p.lexer.Identifier.String
	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TIdentifier)

	if opts.isModuleScope {
		p.localTypeNames[name] = true
	}

	p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(allowInOutVarianceAnnotations | allowEmptyTypeParameters)

	if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TExtends {
		p.lexer.Next()
		for {
			p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
			if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TComma {
				break
			}
			p.lexer.Next()
		}
	}

	if p.lexer.IsContextualKeyword("implements") {
		p.lexer.Next()
		for {
			p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
			if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TComma {
				break
			}
			p.lexer.Next()
		}
	}

	p.skipTypeScriptObjectType()
}

func (p *parser) skipTypeScriptTypeStmt(opts parseStmtOpts) {
	if opts.isExport {
		switch p.lexer.Token {
		case js_lexer.TOpenBrace:
			// "export type {foo}"
			// "export type {foo} from 'bar'"
			p.parseExportClause()
			if p.lexer.IsContextualKeyword("from") {
				p.lexer.Next()
				p.parsePath()
			}
			p.lexer.ExpectOrInsertSemicolon()
			return

		// This is invalid TypeScript, and is rejected by the TypeScript compiler:
		//
		//   example.ts:1:1 - error TS1383: Only named exports may use 'export type'.
		//
		//   1 export type * from './types'
		//     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
		//
		// However, people may not know this and then blame esbuild for it not
		// working. So we parse it anyway and then discard it (since we always
		// discard all types). People who do this should be running the TypeScript
		// type checker when using TypeScript, which will then report this error.
		case js_lexer.TAsterisk:
			// "export type * from 'path'"
			p.lexer.Next()
			if p.lexer.IsContextualKeyword("as") {
				// "export type * as ns from 'path'"
				p.lexer.Next()
				p.parseClauseAlias("export")
				p.lexer.Next()
			}
			p.lexer.ExpectContextualKeyword("from")
			p.parsePath()
			p.lexer.ExpectOrInsertSemicolon()
			return
		}
	}

	name := p.lexer.Identifier.String
	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TIdentifier)

	if opts.isModuleScope {
		p.localTypeNames[name] = true
	}

	p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(allowInOutVarianceAnnotations | allowEmptyTypeParameters)
	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TEquals)
	p.skipTypeScriptType(js_ast.LLowest)
	p.lexer.ExpectOrInsertSemicolon()
}

func (p *parser) parseTypeScriptEnumStmt(loc logger.Loc, opts parseStmtOpts) js_ast.Stmt {
	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TEnum)
	nameLoc := p.lexer.Loc()
	nameText := p.lexer.Identifier.String
	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TIdentifier)
	name := ast.LocRef{Loc: nameLoc, Ref: ast.InvalidRef}

	// Generate the namespace object
	exportedMembers := p.getOrCreateExportedNamespaceMembers(nameText, opts.isExport)
	tsNamespace := &js_ast.TSNamespaceScope{
		ExportedMembers: exportedMembers,
		ArgRef:          ast.InvalidRef,
		IsEnumScope:     true,
	}
	enumMemberData := &js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberNamespace{
		ExportedMembers: exportedMembers,
	}

	// Declare the enum and create the scope
	scopeIndex := len(p.scopesInOrder)
	if !opts.isTypeScriptDeclare {
		name.Ref = p.declareSymbol(ast.SymbolTSEnum, nameLoc, nameText)
		p.pushScopeForParsePass(js_ast.ScopeEntry, loc)
		p.currentScope.TSNamespace = tsNamespace
		p.refToTSNamespaceMemberData[name.Ref] = enumMemberData
	}

	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TOpenBrace)
	values := []js_ast.EnumValue{}

	oldFnOrArrowData := p.fnOrArrowDataParse
	p.fnOrArrowDataParse = fnOrArrowDataParse{
		isThisDisallowed: true,
		needsAsyncLoc:    logger.Loc{Start: -1},
	}

	// Parse the body
	for p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TCloseBrace {
		nameRange := p.lexer.Range()
		value := js_ast.EnumValue{
			Loc: nameRange.Loc,
			Ref: ast.InvalidRef,
		}

		// Parse the name
		var nameText string
		if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TStringLiteral {
			value.Name = p.lexer.StringLiteral()
			nameText = helpers.UTF16ToString(value.Name)
		} else if p.lexer.IsIdentifierOrKeyword() {
			nameText = p.lexer.Identifier.String
			value.Name = helpers.StringToUTF16(nameText)
		} else {
			p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TIdentifier)
		}
		p.lexer.Next()

		// Identifiers can be referenced by other values
		if !opts.isTypeScriptDeclare && js_ast.IsIdentifierUTF16(value.Name) {
			value.Ref = p.declareSymbol(ast.SymbolOther, value.Loc, helpers.UTF16ToString(value.Name))
		}

		// Parse the initializer
		if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TEquals {
			p.lexer.Next()
			value.ValueOrNil = p.parseExpr(js_ast.LComma)
		}

		values = append(values, value)

		// Add this enum value as a member of the enum's namespace
		exportedMembers[nameText] = js_ast.TSNamespaceMember{
			Loc:         value.Loc,
			Data:        &js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberProperty{},
			IsEnumValue: true,
		}

		if p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TComma && p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TSemicolon {
			if p.lexer.IsIdentifierOrKeyword() || p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TStringLiteral {
				var errorLoc logger.Loc
				var errorText string

				if value.ValueOrNil.Data == nil {
					errorLoc = logger.Loc{Start: nameRange.End()}
					errorText = fmt.Sprintf("Expected \",\" after %q in enum", nameText)
				} else {
					var nextName string
					if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TStringLiteral {
						nextName = helpers.UTF16ToString(p.lexer.StringLiteral())
					} else {
						nextName = p.lexer.Identifier.String
					}
					errorLoc = p.lexer.Loc()
					errorText = fmt.Sprintf("Expected \",\" before %q in enum", nextName)
				}

				data := p.tracker.MsgData(logger.Range{Loc: errorLoc}, errorText)
				data.Location.Suggestion = ","
				p.log.AddMsg(logger.Msg{Kind: logger.Error, Data: data})
				panic(js_lexer.LexerPanic{})
			}
			break
		}
		p.lexer.Next()
	}

	p.fnOrArrowDataParse = oldFnOrArrowData

	if !opts.isTypeScriptDeclare {
		// Avoid a collision with the enum closure argument variable if the
		// enum exports a symbol with the same name as the enum itself:
		//
		//   enum foo {
		//     foo = 123,
		//     bar = foo,
		//   }
		//
		// TypeScript generates the following code in this case:
		//
		//   var foo;
		//   (function (foo) {
		//     foo[foo["foo"] = 123] = "foo";
		//     foo[foo["bar"] = 123] = "bar";
		//   })(foo || (foo = {}));
		//
		// Whereas in this case:
		//
		//   enum foo {
		//     bar = foo as any,
		//   }
		//
		// TypeScript generates the following code:
		//
		//   var foo;
		//   (function (foo) {
		//     foo[foo["bar"] = foo] = "bar";
		//   })(foo || (foo = {}));
		//
		if _, ok := p.currentScope.Members[nameText]; ok {
			// Add a "_" to make tests easier to read, since non-bundler tests don't
			// run the renamer. For external-facing things the renamer will avoid
			// collisions automatically so this isn't important for correctness.
			tsNamespace.ArgRef = p.newSymbol(ast.SymbolHoisted, "_"+nameText)
			p.currentScope.Generated = append(p.currentScope.Generated, tsNamespace.ArgRef)
		} else {
			tsNamespace.ArgRef = p.declareSymbol(ast.SymbolHoisted, nameLoc, nameText)
		}
		p.refToTSNamespaceMemberData[tsNamespace.ArgRef] = enumMemberData

		p.popScope()
	}

	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TCloseBrace)

	if opts.isTypeScriptDeclare {
		if opts.isNamespaceScope && opts.isExport {
			p.hasNonLocalExportDeclareInsideNamespace = true
		}

		return js_ast.Stmt{Loc: loc, Data: js_ast.STypeScriptShared}
	}

	// Save these for when we do out-of-order enum visiting
	if p.scopesInOrderForEnum == nil {
		p.scopesInOrderForEnum = make(map[logger.Loc][]scopeOrder)
	}

	// Make a copy of "scopesInOrder" instead of a slice since the original
	// array may be flattened in the future by "popAndFlattenScope"
	p.scopesInOrderForEnum[loc] = append([]scopeOrder{}, p.scopesInOrder[scopeIndex:]...)

	return js_ast.Stmt{Loc: loc, Data: &js_ast.SEnum{
		Name:     name,
		Arg:      tsNamespace.ArgRef,
		Values:   values,
		IsExport: opts.isExport,
	}}
}

// This assumes the caller has already parsed the "import" token
func (p *parser) parseTypeScriptImportEqualsStmt(loc logger.Loc, opts parseStmtOpts, defaultNameLoc logger.Loc, defaultName string) js_ast.Stmt {
	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TEquals)

	kind := p.selectLocalKind(js_ast.LocalConst)
	name := p.lexer.Identifier
	value := js_ast.Expr{Loc: p.lexer.Loc(), Data: &js_ast.EIdentifier{Ref: p.storeNameInRef(name)}}
	p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TIdentifier)

	if name.String == "require" && p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TOpenParen {
		// "import ns = require('x')"
		p.lexer.Next()
		path := js_ast.Expr{Loc: p.lexer.Loc(), Data: &js_ast.EString{Value: p.lexer.StringLiteral()}}
		p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TStringLiteral)
		p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TCloseParen)
		value.Data = &js_ast.ECall{
			Target: value,
			Args:   []js_ast.Expr{path},
		}
	} else {
		// "import Foo = Bar"
		// "import Foo = Bar.Baz"
		for p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TDot {
			p.lexer.Next()
			value.Data = &js_ast.EDot{
				Target:               value,
				Name:                 p.lexer.Identifier.String,
				NameLoc:              p.lexer.Loc(),
				CanBeRemovedIfUnused: true,
			}
			p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TIdentifier)
		}
	}

	p.lexer.ExpectOrInsertSemicolon()

	if opts.isTypeScriptDeclare {
		// "import type foo = require('bar');"
		// "import type foo = bar.baz;"
		return js_ast.Stmt{Loc: loc, Data: js_ast.STypeScriptShared}
	}

	ref := p.declareSymbol(ast.SymbolConst, defaultNameLoc, defaultName)
	decls := []js_ast.Decl{{
		Binding:    js_ast.Binding{Loc: defaultNameLoc, Data: &js_ast.BIdentifier{Ref: ref}},
		ValueOrNil: value,
	}}

	return js_ast.Stmt{Loc: loc, Data: &js_ast.SLocal{
		Kind:              kind,
		Decls:             decls,
		IsExport:          opts.isExport,
		WasTSImportEquals: true,
	}}
}

// Generate a TypeScript namespace object for this namespace's scope. If this
// namespace is another block that is to be merged with an existing namespace,
// use that earlier namespace's object instead.
func (p *parser) getOrCreateExportedNamespaceMembers(name string, isExport bool) js_ast.TSNamespaceMembers {
	// Merge with a sibling namespace from the same scope
	if existingMember, ok := p.currentScope.Members[name]; ok {
		if memberData, ok := p.refToTSNamespaceMemberData[existingMember.Ref]; ok {
			if nsMemberData, ok := memberData.(*js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberNamespace); ok {
				return nsMemberData.ExportedMembers
			}
		}
	}

	// Merge with a sibling namespace from a different scope
	if isExport {
		if parentNamespace := p.currentScope.TSNamespace; parentNamespace != nil {
			if existing, ok := parentNamespace.ExportedMembers[name]; ok {
				if existing, ok := existing.Data.(*js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberNamespace); ok {
					return existing.ExportedMembers
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// Otherwise, generate a new namespace object
	return make(js_ast.TSNamespaceMembers)
}

func (p *parser) parseTypeScriptNamespaceStmt(loc logger.Loc, opts parseStmtOpts) js_ast.Stmt {
	// "namespace Foo {}"
	nameLoc := p.lexer.Loc()
	nameText := p.lexer.Identifier.String
	p.lexer.Next()

	// Generate the namespace object
	exportedMembers := p.getOrCreateExportedNamespaceMembers(nameText, opts.isExport)
	tsNamespace := &js_ast.TSNamespaceScope{
		ExportedMembers: exportedMembers,
		ArgRef:          ast.InvalidRef,
	}
	nsMemberData := &js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberNamespace{
		ExportedMembers: exportedMembers,
	}

	// Declare the namespace and create the scope
	name := ast.LocRef{Loc: nameLoc, Ref: ast.InvalidRef}
	scopeIndex := p.pushScopeForParsePass(js_ast.ScopeEntry, loc)
	p.currentScope.TSNamespace = tsNamespace

	oldHasNonLocalExportDeclareInsideNamespace := p.hasNonLocalExportDeclareInsideNamespace
	oldFnOrArrowData := p.fnOrArrowDataParse
	p.hasNonLocalExportDeclareInsideNamespace = false
	p.fnOrArrowDataParse = fnOrArrowDataParse{
		isThisDisallowed:   true,
		isReturnDisallowed: true,
		needsAsyncLoc:      logger.Loc{Start: -1},
	}

	// Parse the statements inside the namespace
	var stmts []js_ast.Stmt
	if p.lexer.Token == js_lexer.TDot {
		dotLoc := p.lexer.Loc()
		p.lexer.Next()
		stmts = []js_ast.Stmt{p.parseTypeScriptNamespaceStmt(dotLoc, parseStmtOpts{
			isExport:            true,
			isNamespaceScope:    true,
			isTypeScriptDeclare: opts.isTypeScriptDeclare,
		})}
	} else if opts.isTypeScriptDeclare && p.lexer.Token != js_lexer.TOpenBrace {
		p.lexer.ExpectOrInsertSemicolon()
	} else {
		p.lexer.Expect(js_lexer.TOpenBrace)
		stmts = p.parseStmtsUpTo(js_lexer.TCloseBrace, parseStmtOpts{
			isNamespaceScope:    true,
			isTypeScriptDeclare: opts.isTypeScriptDeclare,
		})
		p.lexer.Next()
	}

	hasNonLocalExportDeclareInsideNamespace := p.hasNonLocalExportDeclareInsideNamespace
	p.hasNonLocalExportDeclareInsideNamespace = oldHasNonLocalExportDeclareInsideNamespace
	p.fnOrArrowDataParse = oldFnOrArrowData

	// Add any exported members from this namespace's body as members of the
	// associated namespace object.
	for _, stmt := range stmts {
		switch s := stmt.Data.(type) {
		case *js_ast.SFunction:
			if s.IsExport {
				name := p.symbols[s.Fn.Name.Ref.InnerIndex].OriginalName
				member := js_ast.TSNamespaceMember{
					Loc:  s.Fn.Name.Loc,
					Data: &js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberProperty{},
				}
				exportedMembers[name] = member
				p.refToTSNamespaceMemberData[s.Fn.Name.Ref] = member.Data
			}

		case *js_ast.SClass:
			if s.IsExport {
				name := p.symbols[s.Class.Name.Ref.InnerIndex].OriginalName
				member := js_ast.TSNamespaceMember{
					Loc:  s.Class.Name.Loc,
					Data: &js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberProperty{},
				}
				exportedMembers[name] = member
				p.refToTSNamespaceMemberData[s.Class.Name.Ref] = member.Data
			}

		case *js_ast.SNamespace:
			if s.IsExport {
				if memberData, ok := p.refToTSNamespaceMemberData[s.Name.Ref]; ok {
					if nsMemberData, ok := memberData.(*js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberNamespace); ok {
						member := js_ast.TSNamespaceMember{
							Loc: s.Name.Loc,
							Data: &js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberNamespace{
								ExportedMembers: nsMemberData.ExportedMembers,
							},
						}
						exportedMembers[p.symbols[s.Name.Ref.InnerIndex].OriginalName] = member
						p.refToTSNamespaceMemberData[s.Name.Ref] = member.Data
					}
				}
			}

		case *js_ast.SEnum:
			if s.IsExport {
				if memberData, ok := p.refToTSNamespaceMemberData[s.Name.Ref]; ok {
					if nsMemberData, ok := memberData.(*js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberNamespace); ok {
						member := js_ast.TSNamespaceMember{
							Loc: s.Name.Loc,
							Data: &js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberNamespace{
								ExportedMembers: nsMemberData.ExportedMembers,
							},
						}
						exportedMembers[p.symbols[s.Name.Ref.InnerIndex].OriginalName] = member
						p.refToTSNamespaceMemberData[s.Name.Ref] = member.Data
					}
				}
			}

		case *js_ast.SLocal:
			if s.IsExport {
				js_ast.ForEachIdentifierBindingInDecls(s.Decls, func(loc logger.Loc, b *js_ast.BIdentifier) {
					name := p.symbols[b.Ref.InnerIndex].OriginalName
					member := js_ast.TSNamespaceMember{
						Loc:  loc,
						Data: &js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberProperty{},
					}
					exportedMembers[name] = member
					p.refToTSNamespaceMemberData[b.Ref] = member.Data
				})
			}
		}
	}

	// Import assignments may be only used in type expressions, not value
	// expressions. If this is the case, the TypeScript compiler removes
	// them entirely from the output. That can cause the namespace itself
	// to be considered empty and thus be removed.
	importEqualsCount := 0
	for _, stmt := range stmts {
		if local, ok := stmt.Data.(*js_ast.SLocal); ok && local.WasTSImportEquals && !local.IsExport {
			importEqualsCount++
		}
	}

	// TypeScript omits namespaces without values. These namespaces
	// are only allowed to be used in type expressions. They are
	// allowed to be exported, but can also only be used in type
	// expressions when imported. So we shouldn't count them as a
	// real export either.
	//
	// TypeScript also strangely counts namespaces containing only
	// "export declare" statements as non-empty even though "declare"
	// statements are only type annotations. We cannot omit the namespace
	// in that case. See https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/issues/1158.
	if (len(stmts) == importEqualsCount && !hasNonLocalExportDeclareInsideNamespace) || opts.isTypeScriptDeclare {
		p.popAndDiscardScope(scopeIndex)
		if opts.isModuleScope {
			p.localTypeNames[nameText] = true
		}
		return js_ast.Stmt{Loc: loc, Data: js_ast.STypeScriptShared}
	}

	if !opts.isTypeScriptDeclare {
		// Avoid a collision with the namespace closure argument variable if the
		// namespace exports a symbol with the same name as the namespace itself:
		//
		//   namespace foo {
		//     export let foo = 123
		//     console.log(foo)
		//   }
		//
		// TypeScript generates the following code in this case:
		//
		//   var foo;
		//   (function (foo_1) {
		//     foo_1.foo = 123;
		//     console.log(foo_1.foo);
		//   })(foo || (foo = {}));
		//
		if _, ok := p.currentScope.Members[nameText]; ok {
			// Add a "_" to make tests easier to read, since non-bundler tests don't
			// run the renamer. For external-facing things the renamer will avoid
			// collisions automatically so this isn't important for correctness.
			tsNamespace.ArgRef = p.newSymbol(ast.SymbolHoisted, "_"+nameText)
			p.currentScope.Generated = append(p.currentScope.Generated, tsNamespace.ArgRef)
		} else {
			tsNamespace.ArgRef = p.declareSymbol(ast.SymbolHoisted, nameLoc, nameText)
		}
		p.refToTSNamespaceMemberData[tsNamespace.ArgRef] = nsMemberData
	}

	p.popScope()
	if !opts.isTypeScriptDeclare {
		name.Ref = p.declareSymbol(ast.SymbolTSNamespace, nameLoc, nameText)
		p.refToTSNamespaceMemberData[name.Ref] = nsMemberData
	}
	return js_ast.Stmt{Loc: loc, Data: &js_ast.SNamespace{
		Name:     name,
		Arg:      tsNamespace.ArgRef,
		Stmts:    stmts,
		IsExport: opts.isExport,
	}}
}

func (p *parser) generateClosureForTypeScriptNamespaceOrEnum(
	stmts []js_ast.Stmt, stmtLoc logger.Loc, isExport bool, nameLoc logger.Loc,
	nameRef ast.Ref, argRef ast.Ref, stmtsInsideClosure []js_ast.Stmt,
) []js_ast.Stmt {
	// Follow the link chain in case symbols were merged
	symbol := p.symbols[nameRef.InnerIndex]
	for symbol.Link != ast.InvalidRef {
		nameRef = symbol.Link
		symbol = p.symbols[nameRef.InnerIndex]
	}

	// Make sure to only emit a variable once for a given namespace, since there
	// can be multiple namespace blocks for the same namespace
	if (symbol.Kind == ast.SymbolTSNamespace || symbol.Kind == ast.SymbolTSEnum) && !p.emittedNamespaceVars[nameRef] {
		decls := []js_ast.Decl{{Binding: js_ast.Binding{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.BIdentifier{Ref: nameRef}}}}
		p.emittedNamespaceVars[nameRef] = true
		if p.currentScope == p.moduleScope {
			// Top-level namespace: "var"
			stmts = append(stmts, js_ast.Stmt{Loc: stmtLoc, Data: &js_ast.SLocal{
				Kind:     js_ast.LocalVar,
				Decls:    decls,
				IsExport: isExport,
			}})
		} else {
			// Nested namespace: "let"
			stmts = append(stmts, js_ast.Stmt{Loc: stmtLoc, Data: &js_ast.SLocal{
				Kind:  js_ast.LocalLet,
				Decls: decls,
			}})
		}
	}

	var argExpr js_ast.Expr
	if p.options.minifySyntax && !p.options.unsupportedJSFeatures.Has(compat.LogicalAssignment) {
		// If the "||=" operator is supported, our minified output can be slightly smaller
		if isExport && p.enclosingNamespaceArgRef != nil {
			// "name = (enclosing.name ||= {})"
			argExpr = js_ast.Assign(
				js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EIdentifier{Ref: nameRef}},
				js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EBinary{
					Op: js_ast.BinOpLogicalOrAssign,
					Left: js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: p.dotOrMangledPropVisit(
						js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EIdentifier{Ref: *p.enclosingNamespaceArgRef}},
						p.symbols[nameRef.InnerIndex].OriginalName,
						nameLoc,
					)},
					Right: js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EObject{}},
				}},
			)
			p.recordUsage(*p.enclosingNamespaceArgRef)
			p.recordUsage(nameRef)
		} else {
			// "name ||= {}"
			argExpr = js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EBinary{
				Op:    js_ast.BinOpLogicalOrAssign,
				Left:  js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EIdentifier{Ref: nameRef}},
				Right: js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EObject{}},
			}}
			p.recordUsage(nameRef)
		}
	} else {
		if isExport && p.enclosingNamespaceArgRef != nil {
			// "name = enclosing.name || (enclosing.name = {})"
			name := p.symbols[nameRef.InnerIndex].OriginalName
			argExpr = js_ast.Assign(
				js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EIdentifier{Ref: nameRef}},
				js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EBinary{
					Op: js_ast.BinOpLogicalOr,
					Left: js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: p.dotOrMangledPropVisit(
						js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EIdentifier{Ref: *p.enclosingNamespaceArgRef}},
						name,
						nameLoc,
					)},
					Right: js_ast.Assign(
						js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: p.dotOrMangledPropVisit(
							js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EIdentifier{Ref: *p.enclosingNamespaceArgRef}},
							name,
							nameLoc,
						)},
						js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EObject{}},
					),
				}},
			)
			p.recordUsage(*p.enclosingNamespaceArgRef)
			p.recordUsage(*p.enclosingNamespaceArgRef)
			p.recordUsage(nameRef)
		} else {
			// "name || (name = {})"
			argExpr = js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EBinary{
				Op:   js_ast.BinOpLogicalOr,
				Left: js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EIdentifier{Ref: nameRef}},
				Right: js_ast.Assign(
					js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EIdentifier{Ref: nameRef}},
					js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EObject{}},
				),
			}}
			p.recordUsage(nameRef)
			p.recordUsage(nameRef)
		}
	}

	// Try to use an arrow function if possible for compactness
	var targetExpr js_ast.Expr
	args := []js_ast.Arg{{Binding: js_ast.Binding{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.BIdentifier{Ref: argRef}}}}
	if p.options.unsupportedJSFeatures.Has(compat.Arrow) {
		targetExpr = js_ast.Expr{Loc: stmtLoc, Data: &js_ast.EFunction{Fn: js_ast.Fn{
			Args: args,
			Body: js_ast.FnBody{Loc: stmtLoc, Block: js_ast.SBlock{Stmts: stmtsInsideClosure}},
		}}}
	} else {
		// "(() => { foo() })()" => "(() => foo())()"
		if p.options.minifySyntax && len(stmtsInsideClosure) == 1 {
			if expr, ok := stmtsInsideClosure[0].Data.(*js_ast.SExpr); ok {
				stmtsInsideClosure[0].Data = &js_ast.SReturn{ValueOrNil: expr.Value}
			}
		}
		targetExpr = js_ast.Expr{Loc: stmtLoc, Data: &js_ast.EArrow{
			Args:       args,
			Body:       js_ast.FnBody{Loc: stmtLoc, Block: js_ast.SBlock{Stmts: stmtsInsideClosure}},
			PreferExpr: true,
		}}
	}

	// Call the closure with the name object
	stmts = append(stmts, js_ast.Stmt{Loc: stmtLoc, Data: &js_ast.SExpr{Value: js_ast.Expr{Loc: stmtLoc, Data: &js_ast.ECall{
		Target: targetExpr,
		Args:   []js_ast.Expr{argExpr},
	}}}})

	return stmts
}

func (p *parser) generateClosureForTypeScriptEnum(
	stmts []js_ast.Stmt, stmtLoc logger.Loc, isExport bool, nameLoc logger.Loc,
	nameRef ast.Ref, argRef ast.Ref, exprsInsideClosure []js_ast.Expr,
	allValuesArePure bool,
) []js_ast.Stmt {
	// Bail back to the namespace code for enums that aren't at the top level.
	// Doing this for nested enums is problematic for two reasons. First of all
	// enums inside of namespaces must be property accesses off the namespace
	// object instead of variable declarations. Also we'd need to use "let"
	// instead of "var" which doesn't allow sibling declarations to be merged.
	if p.currentScope != p.moduleScope {
		stmtsInsideClosure := []js_ast.Stmt{}
		if len(exprsInsideClosure) > 0 {
			if p.options.minifySyntax {
				// "a; b; c;" => "a, b, c;"
				joined := js_ast.JoinAllWithComma(exprsInsideClosure)
				stmtsInsideClosure = append(stmtsInsideClosure, js_ast.Stmt{Loc: joined.Loc, Data: &js_ast.SExpr{Value: joined}})
			} else {
				for _, expr := range exprsInsideClosure {
					stmtsInsideClosure = append(stmtsInsideClosure, js_ast.Stmt{Loc: expr.Loc, Data: &js_ast.SExpr{Value: expr}})
				}
			}
		}
		return p.generateClosureForTypeScriptNamespaceOrEnum(
			stmts, stmtLoc, isExport, nameLoc, nameRef, argRef, stmtsInsideClosure)
	}

	// This uses an output format for enums that's different but equivalent to
	// what TypeScript uses. Here is TypeScript's output:
	//
	//   var x;
	//   (function (x) {
	//     x[x["y"] = 1] = "y";
	//   })(x || (x = {}));
	//
	// And here's our output:
	//
	//   var x = /* @__PURE__ */ ((x) => {
	//     x[x["y"] = 1] = "y";
	//     return x;
	//   })(x || {});
	//
	// One benefit is that the minified output is smaller:
	//
	//   // Old output minified
	//   var x;(function(n){n[n.y=1]="y"})(x||(x={}));
	//
	//   // New output minified
	//   var x=(r=>(r[r.y=1]="y",r))(x||{});
	//
	// Another benefit is that the @__PURE__ annotation means it automatically
	// works with tree-shaking, even with more advanced features such as sibling
	// enum declarations and enum/namespace merges. Ideally all uses of the enum
	// are just direct references to enum members (and are therefore inlined as
	// long as the enum value is a constant) and the enum definition itself is
	// unused and can be removed as dead code.

	// Follow the link chain in case symbols were merged
	symbol := p.symbols[nameRef.InnerIndex]
	for symbol.Link != ast.InvalidRef {
		nameRef = symbol.Link
		symbol = p.symbols[nameRef.InnerIndex]
	}

	// Generate the body of the closure, including a return statement at the end
	stmtsInsideClosure := []js_ast.Stmt{}
	argExpr := js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EIdentifier{Ref: argRef}}
	if p.options.minifySyntax {
		// "a; b; return c;" => "return a, b, c;"
		joined := js_ast.JoinAllWithComma(exprsInsideClosure)
		joined = js_ast.JoinWithComma(joined, argExpr)
		stmtsInsideClosure = append(stmtsInsideClosure, js_ast.Stmt{Loc: joined.Loc, Data: &js_ast.SReturn{ValueOrNil: joined}})
	} else {
		for _, expr := range exprsInsideClosure {
			stmtsInsideClosure = append(stmtsInsideClosure, js_ast.Stmt{Loc: expr.Loc, Data: &js_ast.SExpr{Value: expr}})
		}
		stmtsInsideClosure = append(stmtsInsideClosure, js_ast.Stmt{Loc: argExpr.Loc, Data: &js_ast.SReturn{ValueOrNil: argExpr}})
	}

	// Try to use an arrow function if possible for compactness
	var targetExpr js_ast.Expr
	args := []js_ast.Arg{{Binding: js_ast.Binding{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.BIdentifier{Ref: argRef}}}}
	if p.options.unsupportedJSFeatures.Has(compat.Arrow) {
		targetExpr = js_ast.Expr{Loc: stmtLoc, Data: &js_ast.EFunction{Fn: js_ast.Fn{
			Args: args,
			Body: js_ast.FnBody{Loc: stmtLoc, Block: js_ast.SBlock{Stmts: stmtsInsideClosure}},
		}}}
	} else {
		targetExpr = js_ast.Expr{Loc: stmtLoc, Data: &js_ast.EArrow{
			Args:       args,
			Body:       js_ast.FnBody{Loc: stmtLoc, Block: js_ast.SBlock{Stmts: stmtsInsideClosure}},
			PreferExpr: p.options.minifySyntax,
		}}
	}

	// Call the closure with the name object and store it to the variable
	decls := []js_ast.Decl{{
		Binding: js_ast.Binding{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.BIdentifier{Ref: nameRef}},
		ValueOrNil: js_ast.Expr{Loc: stmtLoc, Data: &js_ast.ECall{
			Target: targetExpr,
			Args: []js_ast.Expr{{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EBinary{
				Op:    js_ast.BinOpLogicalOr,
				Left:  js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EIdentifier{Ref: nameRef}},
				Right: js_ast.Expr{Loc: nameLoc, Data: &js_ast.EObject{}},
			}}},
			CanBeUnwrappedIfUnused: allValuesArePure,
		}},
	}}
	p.recordUsage(nameRef)

	// Use a "var" statement since this is a top-level enum, but only use "export" once
	stmts = append(stmts, js_ast.Stmt{Loc: stmtLoc, Data: &js_ast.SLocal{
		Kind:     js_ast.LocalVar,
		Decls:    decls,
		IsExport: isExport && !p.emittedNamespaceVars[nameRef],
	}})
	p.emittedNamespaceVars[nameRef] = true

	return stmts
}

func (p *parser) wrapInlinedEnum(value js_ast.Expr, comment string) js_ast.Expr {
	if strings.Contains(comment, "*/") {
		// Don't wrap with a comment
		return value
	}

	// Wrap with a comment
	return js_ast.Expr{Loc: value.Loc, Data: &js_ast.EInlinedEnum{
		Value:   value,
		Comment: comment,
	}}
}