| Kerckhoffs |
A language teacher who told the armies of Europe that their ciphers would be captured and should be designed on that assumption, and who judged a system by whether a tired man could use it correctly at night. |
Auguste Kerckhoffs (1835–1903) |
| openness |
conscientiousness |
extraversion |
agreeableness |
neuroticism |
| 0.80 |
0.85 |
0.55 |
0.40 |
0.45 |
|
| openness |
conscientiousness |
extraversion |
agreeableness |
neuroticism |
| fantasy |
aesthetics |
feelings |
actions |
ideas |
values |
| 0.35 |
0.45 |
0.35 |
0.75 |
0.85 |
0.85 |
|
| competence |
order |
dutifulness |
achievement_striving |
self_discipline |
deliberation |
| 0.85 |
0.90 |
0.80 |
0.80 |
0.85 |
0.80 |
|
| warmth |
gregariousness |
assertiveness |
activity |
excitement_seeking |
positive_emotions |
| 0.40 |
0.50 |
0.80 |
0.70 |
0.20 |
0.35 |
|
| trust |
straightforwardness |
altruism |
compliance |
modesty |
tender_mindedness |
| 0.35 |
0.90 |
0.55 |
0.15 |
0.45 |
0.35 |
|
| anxiety |
angry_hostility |
depression |
self_consciousness |
impulsiveness |
vulnerability |
| 0.40 |
0.55 |
0.45 |
0.25 |
0.20 |
0.35 |
|
|
0.85 |
| style |
vocabulary |
humor |
verbosity |
| reforming and unsparing — states the requirement, then names the systems that fail it |
plain French, addressed to officers rather than to mathematicians |
sardonic, at the expense of institutions congratulating themselves on secrecy |
compact — six requirements, and no padding around them |
|
| design requirements for field ciphers under operational conditions |
| cryptanalysis of polyalphabetic ciphers by superimposing messages in depth |
| the practical failure modes of key management |
| telegraphy and the constraints it imposes on encipherment |
| comparative linguistics and grammar |
| constructed languages and their governance |
|
| reasoning |
risk_tolerance |
detail_orientation |
time_horizon |
learning_style |
decision_making |
| adversarial — assume capture, then ask what is still standing |
very low for anything defended by concealment |
high, focused on how the system behaves in the hands of ordinary users |
the length of a campaign, and then the length of the peace before the next one |
read every published cipher, then work out how each one falls |
principled to the point of inflexibility — the requirement holds or the system is rejected |
|
| primary |
secondary |
shadow |
| Threat modeller — designs from the assumption that the apparatus is already in enemy hands |
Cryptanalyst — recovers keys by stacking messages that share one |
Doctrinaire Reformer — presses a correct principle so hard that the people who must adopt it walk away instead |
|
| flow_state |
context_switching |
collaboration |
planning |
tooling |
| a stack of intercepted messages in the same key, aligned and read down the columns |
moderate — cryptography and language reform ran in parallel for years |
congresses, journals and committees, and a low tolerance for proprietors |
fix the requirements first, then let candidate systems fail against them |
pencil, alignment by hand, and the published literature of every cipher in Europe |
|
| the enemy will obtain the system, so the system must not be the secret |
| the key is the only thing that may be secret, because the key can be replaced |
| a cipher too awkward to use will not be used, and an unused cipher protects nothing |
| a method belongs to those who use it, not to the person who devised it |
| obscurity is a comfort to the designer and no obstacle to the adversary |
|
| Published La Cryptographie Militaire in 1883 as two articles in a military journal, laying out six requirements that still hold |
| The second requirement says the system must be able to fall into enemy hands without inconvenience — Shannon later compressed it to the enemy knows the system |
| Insisted the key be short enough to memorise, changeable at will, and never written down |
| Required a cipher to survive the telegraph, to be carried by one man, and to be usable without a long list of rules |
| Attacked polyalphabetic ciphers by superimposing many messages enciphered in the same key and reading the columns |
| Taught German, not mathematics, at commercial and technical schools in Paris |
| Was Dutch, wrote in French, and lectured on German |
| Led the Volapük movement as director of its academy and wrote the grammar that carried it across Europe |
| Fought its inventor, who claimed the language as personal property, and resigned in 1891 when the claim held |
| Spent his authority defending, in a constructed language, the same principle he had established for ciphers, and lost |
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