Files
next.js/test/development/basic/hmr/run-error-recovery-hmr-test.util.ts
1287f9a027 Turbopack: show specific SWC error messages as error titles (#91022)
### What?

Changes Turbopack's error overlay to show specific SWC diagnostic
messages as the error title instead of generic messages like "Parsing
ecmascript source code failed" or "Ecmascript file had an error".

### Why?

Previously, all SWC parse/analysis errors in Turbopack showed a generic
title (e.g. "Parsing ecmascript source code failed") in the redbox
header, with the actual specific error message buried in the description
below the code frame. This made it harder for developers to quickly
understand what went wrong.

**Before:**
```
Parsing ecmascript source code failed
> 1 | export default () => <div/
    |                           ^
Expected '>', got '<eof>'
```

**After:**
```
Expected '>', got '<eof>'
> 1 | export default () => <div/
    |                           ^
Parsing ecmascript source code failed
```

### How?

**Core change** in
`turbopack/crates/turbopack-swc-utils/src/emitter.rs`:

When the `IssueEmitter` has a `self.title` set (the generic title like
"Parsing ecmascript source code failed"), the SWC diagnostic message is
now used as the issue title, and the generic title is demoted to the
description. When `self.title` is not set, the existing behavior is
preserved (first line of message becomes title, rest becomes
description).

**Test updates** across ~15 test files:

Updated all `isTurbopack` branches in test expectations to reflect the
swapped title/description. Only Turbopack-specific branches were
modified; webpack and rspack expectations are unchanged.

**New test suite** (`test/development/app-dir/ecmascript-error-title/`):

Dedicated tests verifying that both syntax errors (e.g. `Expected '>',
got '<eof>'`) and analysis errors (e.g. `the name 'Table' is defined
multiple times`) show the specific SWC message as the redbox title.

**Turbopack snapshot updates:**

4 snapshot files renamed to reflect new titles (e.g. `Parsing ecmascript
source code failed-*.txt` → `Expression expected-*.txt`).

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude <[email protected]>
2026-03-09 08:00:37 +01:00

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import { join } from 'path'
import {
waitForRedbox,
waitForNoRedbox,
getBrowserBodyText,
getRedboxHeader,
getRedboxDescription,
getRedboxSource,
retry,
waitFor,
trimEndMultiline,
getDistDir,
} from 'next-test-utils'
import { nextTestSetup } from 'e2e-utils'
import { outdent } from 'outdent'
export function runErrorRecoveryHmrTest(nextConfig: {
basePath: string
assetPrefix: string
}) {
const { next } = nextTestSetup({
files: __dirname,
nextConfig,
patchFileDelay: 500,
})
const { basePath } = nextConfig
it('should recover from 404 after a page has been added', async () => {
const browser = await next.browser(basePath + '/hmr/new-page')
expect(await browser.elementByCss('body').text()).toMatch(
/This page could not be found/
)
expect(next.cliOutput).toContain('GET /hmr/new-page 404')
let cliOutputLength = next.cliOutput.length
// Add the page
await next.patchFile(
join('pages', 'hmr', 'new-page.js'),
'export default () => (<div id="new-page">the-new-page</div>)',
async () => {
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(/the-new-page/)
})
expect(next.cliOutput.slice(cliOutputLength)).toContain(
'GET /hmr/new-page 200'
)
cliOutputLength = next.cliOutput.length
}
)
// page was deleted at the end of patchFile
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This page could not be found/
)
})
expect(next.cliOutput.slice(cliOutputLength)).toContain(
'GET /hmr/new-page 404'
)
})
it('should recover from 404 after a page has been added with dynamic segments', async () => {
const browser = await next.browser(basePath + '/hmr/foo/page')
expect(await browser.elementByCss('body').text()).toMatch(
/This page could not be found/
)
expect(next.cliOutput).toContain('GET /hmr/foo/page 404')
let cliOutputLength = next.cliOutput.length
// Add the page
await next.patchFile(
join('pages', 'hmr', '[foo]', 'page.js'),
'export default () => (<div id="new-page">the-new-page</div>)',
async () => {
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(/the-new-page/)
})
expect(next.cliOutput.slice(cliOutputLength)).toContain(
'GET /hmr/foo/page 200'
)
cliOutputLength = next.cliOutput.length
}
)
// page was deleted at the end of patchFile
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This page could not be found/
)
})
expect(next.cliOutput.slice(cliOutputLength)).toContain(
'GET /hmr/foo/page 404'
)
})
;(process.env.IS_TURBOPACK_TEST ? it.skip : it)(
// this test fails frequently with turbopack
'should not continously poll a custom error page',
async () => {
await next.patchFile(
join('pages', '_error.js'),
outdent`
function Error({ statusCode, message, count }) {
return (
<div>
Error Message: {message}
</div>
)
}
Error.getInitialProps = async ({ res, err }) => {
const statusCode = res ? res.statusCode : err ? err.statusCode : 404
console.log('getInitialProps called');
return {
statusCode,
message: err ? err.message : 'Oops...',
}
}
export default Error
`,
async () => {
// navigate to a 404 page
await next.browser(basePath + '/does-not-exist')
await retry(() => {
expect(next.cliOutput).toMatch(/getInitialProps called/)
})
const outputIndex = next.cliOutput.length
// wait a few seconds to ensure polling didn't happen
await waitFor(3000)
const logOccurrences =
next.cliOutput.slice(outputIndex).split('getInitialProps called')
.length - 1
expect(logOccurrences).toBe(0)
}
)
}
)
it('should detect syntax errors and recover', async () => {
const browser = await next.browser(basePath + '/hmr/about2')
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
await next.patchFile(
join('pages', 'hmr', 'about2.js'),
(content) => content.replace('</div>', 'div'),
async () => {
await waitForRedbox(browser)
const source = next.normalizeTestDirContent(
await getRedboxSource(browser)
)
if (process.env.IS_TURBOPACK_TEST) {
expect(source).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
"./pages/hmr/about2.js (7:1)
Unexpected token. Did you mean \`{'}'}\` or \`&rbrace;\`?
5 | div
6 | )
> 7 | }
| ^
8 |
Parsing ecmascript source code failed"
`)
} else if (process.env.NEXT_RSPACK) {
expect(trimEndMultiline(source)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
"./pages/hmr/about2.js
╰─▶ × Error: x Unexpected token. Did you mean \`{'}'}\` or \`&rbrace;\`?
│ ,-[7:1]
│ 4 | <p>This is the about page.</p>
│ 5 | div
│ 6 | )
│ 7 | }
│ : ^
│ \`----
│ x Expected '</', got '<eof>'
│ ,-[7:3]
│ 5 | div
│ 6 | )
│ 7 | }
│ \`----
│
│
│ Caused by:
│ Syntax Error
Import trace for requested module:
./pages/hmr/about2.js"
`)
} else {
expect(source).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
"./pages/hmr/about2.js
Error: x Unexpected token. Did you mean \`{'}'}\` or \`&rbrace;\`?
,-[7:1]
4 | <p>This is the about page.</p>
5 | div
6 | )
7 | }
: ^
\`----
x Expected '</', got '<eof>'
,-[7:3]
5 | div
6 | )
7 | }
\`----
Caused by:
Syntax Error
Import trace for requested module:
./pages/hmr/about2.js"
`)
}
}
)
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
})
if (!process.env.IS_TURBOPACK_TEST) {
// Turbopack doesn't have this restriction
it('should show the error on all pages', async () => {
const browser = await next.browser(basePath + '/hmr/contact')
await next.render(basePath + '/hmr/about2')
await next.patchFile(
join('pages', 'hmr', 'about2.js'),
(content) => content.replace('</div>', 'div'),
async () => {
// Ensure dev server has time to break:
await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 2000))
await waitForRedbox(browser)
expect(await getRedboxSource(browser)).toContain(
"Expected '</', got '<eof>'"
)
}
)
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the contact page/
)
})
})
}
it('should detect runtime errors on the module scope', async () => {
const browser = await next.browser(basePath + '/hmr/about3')
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
await next.patchFile(
join('pages', 'hmr', 'about3.js'),
(content) => content.replace('export', 'aa=20;\nexport'),
async () => {
await waitForRedbox(browser)
expect(await getRedboxHeader(browser)).toMatch(/aa is not defined/)
}
)
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
})
it('should recover from errors in the render function', async () => {
const browser = await next.browser(basePath + '/hmr/about4')
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
await next.patchFile(
join('pages', 'hmr', 'about4.js'),
(content) =>
content.replace(
'return',
'throw new Error("an-expected-error");\nreturn'
),
async () => {
await waitForRedbox(browser)
expect(await getRedboxSource(browser)).toMatch(/an-expected-error/)
}
)
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
})
it('should recover after exporting an invalid page', async () => {
const browser = await next.browser(basePath + '/hmr/about5')
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
await next.patchFile(
join('pages', 'hmr', 'about5.js'),
(content) =>
content.replace(
'export default',
'export default {};\nexport const fn ='
),
async () => {
await waitForRedbox(browser)
expect(await getRedboxDescription(browser)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(
`"The default export is not a React Component in page: "/hmr/about5""`
)
}
)
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
})
it('should recover after a bad return from the render function', async () => {
const browser = await next.browser(basePath + '/hmr/about6')
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
await next.patchFile(
join('pages', 'hmr', 'about6.js'),
(content) =>
content.replace(
'export default',
'export default () => /search/;\nexport const fn ='
),
async () => {
await waitForRedbox(browser)
// TODO: Replace this when webpack 5 is the default
expect(await getRedboxHeader(browser)).toMatch(
`Objects are not valid as a React child (found: [object RegExp]). If you meant to render a collection of children, use an array instead.`
)
}
)
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
})
it('should recover after undefined exported as default', async () => {
const browser = await next.browser(basePath + '/hmr/about7')
const aboutPage = join('pages', 'hmr', 'about7.js')
const aboutContent = await next.readFile(aboutPage)
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
await next.patchFile(
aboutPage,
aboutContent.replace(
'export default',
'export default undefined;\nexport const fn ='
),
async () => {
await waitForRedbox(browser)
expect(await getRedboxDescription(browser)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(
`"The default export is not a React Component in page: "/hmr/about7""`
)
}
)
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
await waitForNoRedbox(browser)
})
it('should recover after webpack parse error in an imported file', async () => {
const browser = await next.browser(basePath + '/hmr/about8')
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
await next.patchFile(
join('pages', 'hmr', 'about8.js'),
(content) =>
content.replace(
'export default',
'import "../../components/parse-error.xyz"\nexport default'
),
async () => {
await waitForRedbox(browser)
expect(await getRedboxHeader(browser)).toMatch('Build Error')
if (process.env.IS_TURBOPACK_TEST) {
expect(await getRedboxSource(browser)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
"./components/parse-error.xyz
Unknown module type
This module doesn't have an associated type. Use a known file extension, or register a loader for it.
Read more: https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/next-config-js/turbo#webpack-loaders"
`)
} else if (process.env.NEXT_RSPACK) {
expect(trimEndMultiline(await getRedboxSource(browser)))
.toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
"./components/parse-error.xyz
× Module parse failed:
╰─▶ × JavaScript parse error: Expression expected
╭─[3:0]
1 │ This
2 │ is
3 │ }}}
· ─
4 │ invalid
5 │ js
╰────
help:
You may need an appropriate loader to handle this file type.
Import trace for requested module:
./components/parse-error.xyz
./pages/hmr/about8.js"
`)
} else {
expect(await getRedboxSource(browser)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
"./components/parse-error.xyz
Module parse failed: Unexpected token (3:0)
You may need an appropriate loader to handle this file type, currently no loaders are configured to process this file. See https://webpack.js.org/concepts#loaders
| This
| is
> }}}
| invalid
| js
Import trace for requested module:
./components/parse-error.xyz
./pages/hmr/about8.js"
`)
}
}
)
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
await waitForNoRedbox(browser)
})
it('should recover after loader parse error in an imported file', async () => {
const browser = await next.browser(basePath + '/hmr/about9')
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
await next.patchFile(
join('pages', 'hmr', 'about9.js'),
(content) =>
content.replace(
'export default',
'import "../../components/parse-error.js"\nexport default'
),
async () => {
await waitForRedbox(browser)
expect(await getRedboxHeader(browser)).toMatch('Build Error')
let redboxSource = await getRedboxSource(browser)
redboxSource = redboxSource.replace(`${next.testDir}`, '.')
if (process.env.IS_TURBOPACK_TEST) {
expect(next.normalizeTestDirContent(redboxSource))
.toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
"./components/parse-error.js (3:1)
Expression expected
1 | This
2 | is
> 3 | }}}
| ^
4 | invalid
5 | js
Parsing ecmascript source code failed
Import traces:
Browser:
./components/parse-error.js
./pages/hmr/about9.js
SSR:
./components/parse-error.js
./pages/hmr/about9.js"
`)
} else if (process.env.NEXT_RSPACK) {
expect(trimEndMultiline(next.normalizeTestDirContent(redboxSource)))
.toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
"./components/parse-error.js
╰─▶ × Error: x Expression expected
│ ,-[3:1]
│ 1 | This
│ 2 | is
│ 3 | }}}
│ : ^
│ 4 | invalid
│ 5 | js
│ \`----
│
│
│ Caused by:
│ Syntax Error
Import trace for requested module:
./components/parse-error.js
./pages/hmr/about9.js"
`)
} else {
redboxSource = redboxSource.substring(
0,
redboxSource.indexOf('`----')
)
expect(next.normalizeTestDirContent(redboxSource))
.toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
"./components/parse-error.js
Error: x Expression expected
,-[3:1]
1 | This
2 | is
3 | }}}
: ^
4 | invalid
5 | js
"
`)
}
}
)
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(
/This is the about page/
)
})
await waitForNoRedbox(browser)
})
it('should recover from errors in getInitialProps in client', async () => {
const browser = await next.browser(basePath + '/hmr')
const erroredPage = join('pages', 'hmr', 'error-in-gip.js')
const errorContent = await next.readFile(erroredPage)
await browser.elementByCss('#error-in-gip-link').click()
await waitForRedbox(browser)
expect(await getRedboxDescription(browser)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(
`"an-expected-error-in-gip"`
)
await next.patchFile(
erroredPage,
(content) => content.replace('throw error', 'return {}'),
async () => {
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(/Hello/)
})
await next.patchFile(erroredPage, errorContent)
await retry(async () => {
await browser.refresh()
await waitFor(2000)
const text = await getBrowserBodyText(browser)
if (text.includes('Hello')) {
throw new Error('waiting')
}
return expect(await getRedboxSource(browser)).toMatch(
/an-expected-error-in-gip/
)
})
}
)
})
it('should recover after an error reported via SSR', async () => {
const browser = await next.browser(basePath + '/hmr/error-in-gip')
await waitForRedbox(browser)
expect(await getRedboxDescription(browser)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(
`"an-expected-error-in-gip"`
)
await next.patchFile(
join('pages', 'hmr', 'error-in-gip.js'),
(content) => content.replace('throw error', 'return {}'),
async () => {
await retry(async () => {
expect(await getBrowserBodyText(browser)).toMatch(/Hello/)
})
}
)
await retry(async () => {
await browser.refresh()
await waitFor(2000)
const text = await getBrowserBodyText(browser)
if (text.includes('Hello')) {
throw new Error('waiting')
}
return expect(await getRedboxSource(browser)).toMatch(
/an-expected-error-in-gip/
)
})
})
if (!process.env.IS_TURBOPACK_TEST) {
it('should have client HMR events in trace file', async () => {
const traceData = await next.readFile(`${getDistDir()}/trace`)
expect(traceData).toContain('client-hmr-latency')
expect(traceData).toContain('client-error')
expect(traceData).toContain('client-success')
expect(traceData).toContain('client-full-reload')
})
}
}