papers/hanzo-aci/sections/05-ai-native-virtual-machine-aivm.tex

\section{AI-Native Virtual Machine (AIVM)}

\label{sec:aivm}

\subsection{Design Rationale}

The EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) operates on 256-bit integers and lacks native support for floating-point arithmetic, tensor operations, and model verification. AIVM extends a WASM-based VM with AI-specific opcodes.

\subsection{AIVM Instruction Set}

\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\small
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\toprule
\textbf{Category} & \textbf{Opcode} & \textbf{Description} \\
\midrule
\multirow{4}{*}{Tensor} & \texttt{TENSOR\_ALLOC} & Allocate tensor \\
& \texttt{TENSOR\_MATMUL} & Matrix multiplication \\
& \texttt{TENSOR\_NORM} & Layer normalization \\
& \texttt{TENSOR\_SOFTMAX} & Softmax operation \\
\midrule
\multirow{3}{*}{Model} & \texttt{MODEL\_LOAD} & Load model by hash \\
& \texttt{MODEL\_INFER} & Execute inference \\
& \texttt{MODEL\_HASH} & Compute model hash \\
\midrule
\multirow{3}{*}{Verify} & \texttt{TEE\_VERIFY} & Verify TEE attestation \\
& \texttt{HASH\_COMPARE} & Compare output hashes \\
& \texttt{KL\_DIVERGE} & KL divergence test \\
\midrule
\multirow{3}{*}{Market} & \texttt{HMM\_QUOTE} & Get HMM price quote \\
& \texttt{HMM\_SWAP} & Execute HMM swap \\
& \texttt{ESCROW\_LOCK} & Lock escrow payment \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{AIVM instruction set extensions.}
\label{tab:opcodes}
\end{table}

\subsection{Gas Model}

AIVM gas costs reflect the actual computational cost of operations:

\begin{equation}
\text{Gas}(\text{op}) = \text{base\_cost}(\text{op}) + \text{size\_cost}(\text{op}, |\text{data}|),
\end{equation}

where $\text{base\_cost}$ is a fixed cost per opcode and $\text{size\_cost}$ scales with data size. For tensor operations:

\begin{equation}
\text{Gas}(\texttt{MATMUL}(A, B)) = g_0 + g_1 \cdot m \cdot n \cdot k,
\end{equation}

where $A \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times k}$, $B \in \mathbb{R}^{k \times n}$, and $g_0 = 100$, $g_1 = 0.001$ are gas constants.

\subsection{Smart Contract Example}

An AI compute marketplace contract in AIVM:

\begin{lstlisting}[caption={AIVM marketplace contract (pseudocode).}]
contract AIMarketplace {
    mapping(uint => Job) public jobs;

    function submitJob(
        bytes32 modelHash,
        bytes input,
        uint maxPrice
    ) external payable {
        // Get HMM quote
        (uint price, uint worker) =
            HMM_QUOTE(modelHash, input.length);
        require(price <= maxPrice);

        // Lock escrow
        ESCROW_LOCK(msg.sender, price);

        // Create job
        jobs[nextId] = Job({
            client: msg.sender,
            worker: worker,
            modelHash: modelHash,
            input: input,
            price: price,
            status: Status.Pending
        });
    }

    function settleJob(
        uint jobId,
        bytes output,
        bytes attestation
    ) external {
        Job storage job = jobs[jobId];
        require(msg.sender == job.worker);

        // Verify TEE attestation
        require(TEE_VERIFY(attestation));

        // Verify model hash
        require(HASH_COMPARE(
            attestation.modelHash,
            job.modelHash
        ));

        // Release payment
        ESCROW_RELEASE(job.client,
            job.worker, job.price);
        job.status = Status.Completed;
    }
}
\end{lstlisting}