papers/hanzo-operative/sections/09-discussion.tex

\section{Discussion}

\label{sec:discussion}

\subsection{Limitations}

\paragraph{Dynamic content.} Rapidly changing content (animations, video, real-time dashboards) degrades perception accuracy, as the screen state may change between observation and action execution.

\paragraph{Complex reasoning.} Tasks requiring multi-step logical reasoning (spreadsheet formula construction, code debugging) remain challenging, as the agent must maintain extended mental models beyond what the screen state provides.

\paragraph{Speed.} At a median of 2 seconds per action step, Operative is significantly slower than human interaction, limiting applicability to time-sensitive tasks.

\subsection{Ethical Considerations}

Computer use agents raise important ethical concerns:

\begin{itemize}[leftmargin=*]
    \item \textbf{Unauthorized access}: Agents must not be used to bypass authentication or access controls.
    \item \textbf{Privacy}: Screen observations may capture sensitive information. Operative supports configurable redaction of detected PII in logs and screenshots.
    \item \textbf{Impersonation}: Agents acting on behalf of users in interactive systems must clearly identify as automated.
\end{itemize}