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zeekay
0f01f8b555
Resolves high-severity review findings: anachronistic dates aligned to citation floors; arithmetic corrected to match formulas; internal contradictions collapsed to the body-supported value; LP self-references aligned to filenames; liquidity-surface repo paths scrubbed; AI-slop trimmed. PDFs rebuilt separately.
89 lines
3.4 KiB
TeX
89 lines
3.4 KiB
TeX
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
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\usepackage{../shared/hanzocover}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsthm}
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\usepackage{algorithm,algorithmic}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\usepackage{hyperref}
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\usepackage{booktabs}
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\usepackage{listings}
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\input{../shared/lstlang}
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\usepackage{xcolor}
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\usepackage{tikz}
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\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,positioning}
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% Code listing style
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\lstdefinelanguage{Solidity}{
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keywords={pragma, contract, function, returns, memory, view, pure, public, private, internal, external, uint256, uint, bytes, address, mapping, require, assert, revert, for, if, else, while, return, new, this, assembly, let, mstore, add, mul, mod, sub},
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keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries,
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ndkeywords={true, false, null, undefined},
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ndkeywordstyle=\color{darkgray}\bfseries,
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identifierstyle=\color{black},
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sensitive=false,
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comment=[l]{//},
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morecomment=[s]{/*}{*/},
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commentstyle=\color{purple}\ttfamily,
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stringstyle=\color{red}\ttfamily,
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morestring=[b]',
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morestring=[b]"
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}
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\lstset{
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language=Solidity,
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backgroundcolor=\color{gray!5},
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basicstyle=\footnotesize\ttfamily,
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breakatwhitespace=false,
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breaklines=true,
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captionpos=b,
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keepspaces=true,
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numbers=left,
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numbersep=5pt,
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showspaces=false,
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showstringspaces=false,
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showtabs=false,
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tabsize=2,
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frame=single
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}
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% Theorem environments
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\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
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\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
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\newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition}
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\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}
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\newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition}
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\newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark}
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\title{NTT Transform: Enabling Post-Quantum Cryptography on EVM\\with 85\% Gas Reduction}
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\author{
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Zach Kelling\thanks{Corresponding author: [email protected]}\\
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\textit{Lux Industries, Inc.}\\
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\texttt{[email protected]}
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}
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\date{2024}
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\begin{document}
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\hanzocoverpage
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\begin{abstract}
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The advent of quantum computing poses an existential threat to current blockchain cryptographic systems, necessitating the rapid adoption of post-quantum algorithms. We present a highly optimized Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) implementation for the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) that achieves an 85\% gas reduction for polynomial operations—from 24M gas to 3.6M gas for FALCON-512 signature verification. Our implementation enables practical deployment of NIST-standardized post-quantum algorithms including Dilithium (ML-DSA), FALCON, and SPHINCS+ on EVM-compatible chains. Through innovative Yul optimization techniques and memory layout strategies, we demonstrate that post-quantum cryptography is viable on current blockchain infrastructure without requiring protocol-level changes. This work represents the first production-ready NTT implementation for EVM, paving the way for quantum-resistant blockchain systems while maintaining backward compatibility with existing smart contract ecosystems.
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\end{abstract}
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\input{sections/01-introduction}
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\input{sections/02-number-theoretic-transform-background}
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\input{sections/03-ntt-algorithm}
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\input{sections/04-evm-implementation}
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\input{sections/05-gas-optimization-journey}
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\input{sections/06-supported-post-quantum-algorithms}
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\input{sections/07-use-cases}
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\input{sections/08-benchmark-results}
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\input{sections/09-comparison-with-other-chains}
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\input{sections/10-security-analysis}
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\input{sections/11-eip-proposal-status}
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\input{sections/12-future-optimizations}
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\input{sections/13-conclusion}
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\input{sections/99-acknowledgments}
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\end{document}
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