semantic/examples

Examples

Eighteen programs, one per capability. Each is a directory with a main.go that says at the top what it demonstrates, and each runs on its own:

GOWORK=off go run ./examples/pipeline

GOWORK=off is mandatory here as everywhere in this module: a parent go.work otherwise hijacks it.

None of them reaches the internet or asks a model. Where a stage needs something this module does not compute — an embedding, a completion, a running Qdrant — the example supplies a deterministic stand-in behind the same interface and says so in the file. The HTTP paths run against servers the example starts on loopback, so what they exercise is the real request the real driver sends.

Start with pipeline. It is the shortest honest answer to what this module does, and every other example is one stage of it looked at closely.

example	what it shows
pipeline	ingest → parse → normalize → split → extract → fold → export, end to end, printing what crosses each seam
ingest	files, JSON, JSON Lines, CSV, directory walks, globs, streams, HTTP, and the origin every document carries; the registry, and the refusal that guards a fetch of an internal address
parse	markdown, HTML, JSON, CSV, XML, email and docx: sections, links, tags and the decoded value; format detection; the seam for a format this module does not read
normalize	the four Unicode forms, encoding detection, mojibake repair, punctuation and whitespace, running heads, a Chain assembled for one corpus, and dates, numbers and money read under an Anchor
split	nine splitters on one document, with the tiling property checked; overlap, a real tokenizer behind Count, and Or falling back from a splitter that needs a model
extract	rules over patterns and a gazetteer, relations, proximity, the schema and confidence checks (which are orthogonal), endpoint binding, and the LLM path with its JSON recovery
coref	mentions, pronouns bound to the nearest admissible name, chains — and the relation count before and after, which is what the pass is for
kg	folding, four centrality measures that disagree on purpose, communities, components, bridges, paths, neighbourhoods, repetition, and a merge driven from outside
dedupe	likeness with its parts, five string metrics, SimHash and MinHash screens, blocking, groups, five merge strategies with the clash record, and incremental matching
conflicts	six kinds of disagreement, the tally a reviewer reads, and six rules for settling one — including the rule that settles nothing and says so
ontology	a schema inferred from observed data, naming conventions, hierarchy and cycles, Turtle and JSON-LD round trips, IRI minting, and the collision it refuses to paper over
reason	transitive, symmetric and inverse rules, a class hierarchy, Datalog rules parsed from text, the derivation of a fact, querying the closure, and the two ways a run stops short
agent	a credit desk: policies as data, a refusal recorded as a decision, causal chains, the story behind a choice, precedent search, and what a rule change would cost
temporal	spans on nodes and edges, the graph as it stood at four moments, retract against purge, the tombstone each leaves, time-aware traversal, and an audit trail kept outside the graph
store	vectors, edges and assertions on one object; filters and namespaces; three metrics; reciprocal-rank and weighted-sum fusion; and the same store durable in a file
drivers	every registered driver, the three different answers Open can give, a driver of your own, and the wire protocol the Qdrant and SPARQL drivers actually speak
export	thirteen formats written, five read back, format conversion in one call, the three kinds of source, and the four things the package refuses to do quietly
prov	a derived claim traced back through reasoning, extraction, splitting and ingestion to two files and the SHA-256 of each

Against the Python cookbook

The Python framework ships 40 notebooks: 26 in introduction/, 11 in advanced/, 3 in integrations/, plus one .py. The introduction set defines what the framework claims to do, so it is the parity oracle. What follows is where each of the 26 landed, and what did not land.

Python notebook	here
01 Welcome to Semantica	pipeline, and this table
02 Data Ingestion	ingest — partial, see below
03 Document Parsing	parse — partial
04 Data Normalization	normalize — partial
05 Entity Extraction	extract — partial
06 Relation Extraction	extract — partial
07 Building Knowledge Graphs	kg, dedupe
08 Your First Knowledge Graph	pipeline
09 Graph Store	store, drivers — partial
10 Graph Analytics	kg
11 Chunking and Splitting	split — partial
12 Embedding Generation	not ported
13 Vector Store	store — partial
14 Ontology	ontology — partial
15 Export	export — partial
16 Visualization	not ported
17 Conflict Detection and Resolution	conflicts — partial
18 Deduplication	dedupe
19 Context Module	agent — entity linking lives in kg
20 Triplet Store	store, drivers
21 Amazon Neptune Store	not ported
22 Provenance Tracking	prov — partial
23 Reasoning	reason — partial
24 Change Management	temporal — partial
25 Seed Data	folded into ingest and pipeline
26 Semantic Layer Basics	ontology — partial

The advanced/ set is the same capabilities at greater length and maps onto the same examples: advanced extraction to extract, advanced graph analytics to kg, multi-format export to export, multi-source integration to ingest with dedupe and conflicts, reasoning and Datalog-style reasoning to reason, temporal knowledge graphs to temporal, advanced context engineering to agent, unstructured-to-ontology to ontology, advanced vector search to store. Two do not map: the visualization suite, and the Snowflake ingestion script.

What did not port, and why

The reasons differ, and only some of them are work left to do.

It needs a model

Nothing here runs a neural network, and no package in this module reaches the network on its own. Each of these sits behind an interface — extract.Model, split.Embed, store.Vector — so an adapter is a package rather than a rewrite.

• Embedding generation (notebook 12) has no Go equivalent at all. The store and split examples use a bag of words over a fixed vocabulary, which is a real vector function and not a language model; it is enough to make the ranking and the semantic split reproducible offline, and it is not a substitute for a sentence transformer.
• spaCy NER and dependency-parse relations (notebooks 05, 06). The deterministic path — a gazetteer, entity shape patterns, verb-phrase relation patterns, proximity — is complete and is what extract shows.
• The LLM extraction path is present and exercised, but against a scripted model. What this module supplies around a real call is the prompt, the recovery of JSON from whatever the model wrapped it in, the field aliases every provider spells differently, and the binding of a named endpoint back to a known entity. All four run in the extract example.
• LLM ontology generation and competency questions (notebook 14). ontology.Inference reads a schema off observed data without a model, which is what the example shows.

It needs a library outside the standard one

go.mod has no require block and is not to gain one.

• PDF, and the legacy binary Office formats doc, xls and ppt (notebook 03). parse registers them as placeholders that report ErrFormat, so a caller can tell "this build cannot" from "nobody has heard of it". The parse example fills the gap with one Register call. docx, xlsx and pptx are zips of XML and are read with archive/zip and encoding/xml.
• Parquet and YAML (notebook 15). export registers them as Absent and reports ErrLibrary. The export example registers a writer under parquet and reaches it the same way as the rest.
• An approximate nearest-neighbour index (notebook 13). store.Mem ranks exactly, over every vector.

It is a driver nobody has written yet

The names are registered so the set of stores this module knows about is one list a program can read. Open on any of them returns ErrDriver, which the drivers example shows beside a name that opens and a name nobody registered.

• Graph stores: Neo4j, FalkorDB, Apache AGE, Amazon Neptune (notebook 21).
• Vector stores: FAISS, Milvus, pgvector, Pinecone, Weaviate, sqlite.
• Triple stores: Anzo, Oxigraph.
• Ingest sources (notebook 02): databases, cloud object storage, email mailboxes, RSS and Atom feeds, message streams, git repositories, MCP servers, and Snowflake. There is also no robots.txt check and no sitemap crawler. Each is one semantic.Ingester registered under its scheme; the ingest example writes one in four lines to show the shape.

Qdrant and SPARQL are written, and the drivers example runs both against stub servers on loopback so the requests they send are visible. One SPARQL driver covers Fuseki, Blazegraph, RDF4J and GraphDB, because the protocol is the interface.

It is a notebook, not a library

• Visualization (notebook 16, advanced 03). There is no plotting here and no image is produced. The Go answer is to export the graph in a format a drawing tool reads — dot, mermaid, graphml, gexf, cypher — which the export example does, and to render it elsewhere.
• Investigation guides and explanation prose (notebooks 17, 23). reason.Model.Why returns the derivation as data and dedupe.Conflict carries every field a guide would render. Baking the English into a library fixes the wording for every caller, so the examples print it instead.

The service is not one we run

• The three Agno notebooks in integrations/. Agno is a Python agent framework; there is no Go client for it, and porting the notebooks would mean writing one. What the notebooks demonstrate about this module — a shared context graph, decision records across agents, graph-backed retrieval — is what the agent example shows without the framework.

Collapsed, because Go's types already say it

The Python dispatches on method-name strings through mutable registries and wraps every class in a functional methods.py. Here the choice is a typed value checked at compile time, and the methods are the API. The examples therefore have no equivalent of get_split_method and its dozen siblings — split.New(name, Options) exists for the one case that needs it, a splitter chosen by configuration, and the split example uses it once.

Genuinely missing, and small

These have no Go counterpart and no interface waiting for one. They are listed because "partial" above should be checkable.

• normalize has no entity normalizer and no language detector. Dates, numbers, quantities and money are read as typed values, and encoding detection and the text transforms are all present.
• split has no entity-aware, relation-aware, table or hierarchical chunker. Sliding windows are Chars with Overlap; structural splitting is Markdown and Code.
• prov declares the PROV-O types and the Log interface and ships no implementation, so the prov example writes one — forty lines. There is no hash-chained tamper-evidence, which notebook 22 demonstrates.
• Change management (notebook 24) is halfway. Bitemporal spans, retraction, purge with a tombstone, and an audit trail are all in agent and are what temporal shows. Versioned snapshots with checksums and named release tags are not: store.File has Dump and Load, and agent.Rules versions policies, but nothing versions a whole graph.
• The semantic layer (notebook 26) infers an ontology from a graph, which ontology shows, but there is no mapping layer that binds graph terms to ontology terms and applies the binding.
• Seed data (notebook 25) has no SeedDataManager. Reading a roster from CSV and folding it into a graph is ingest plus kg.Build, which is what pipeline does.
• A claim has two identifiers that are not the same string: kg.Hash names it for the graph and reason.Key names it for a derivation. The prov example keys its log by the second so the reasoner's own PROV record joins it, and prints the first beside each claim.

Things the examples show that the Python does not

Not everything here is a subset.

• ingest.Web refuses an internal address by default — loopback, private, link-local, cloud metadata — and checks again on the socket the connection lands on. The ingest example shows the refusal and the one field that opts out of it for a trusted deployment.
• Every splitter's chunks tile the document exactly with no overlap. The split example checks that rather than asserting it.
• dedupe.Merge under the last strategy picks the later record as the survivor and then takes the earlier record's value where the two disagree. The dedupe example prints all five strategies side by side, which is where that shows up.
• store.Mem.Metric() reports "" on a store nobody configured, though it ranks as cosine. The store example prints what it actually returns.
• ontology.CheckProperty normalizes a PascalCase property by lowering the whole word, so WorksFor is suggested as worksfor. The ontology example prints the suggestion it gets.