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papers/dag-evm-formal/sections/07-comparison-with-contemporaries.tex
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\section{Comparison with Contemporaries}
\label{sec:contemporaries}
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\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\small
\begin{tabular}{lllll}
\toprule
\textbf{System} & \textbf{Exec parallelism} & \textbf{Consensus DAG?} & \textbf{Conflict source} & \textbf{State model} \\
\midrule
Ethereum & none & linear & -- & EVM (account) \\
Aptos & Block-STM & linear & r/w sets & Move (resource) \\
Sui (Mysticeti) & object-type & DAG (Narwhal) & object IDs & Move (object) \\
Solana & account-lock & linear & static lockset & account \\
Monad & OCC + pipeline & linear & r/w sets (post-hoc) & EVM \\
Fuel & UTXO-parallel & linear & UTXO inputs & UTXO \\
Aleph Zero & none & DAG (AlephBFT) & -- & substrate \\
\midrule
\textbf{Lux C-Chain (DAG-EVM)} & Block-STM & \textbf{DAG} & \textbf{r/w sets} & EVM \\
\textbf{Lux X-Chain} & DAG-native & \textbf{DAG} & UTXO inputs & UTXO \\
\textbf{Lux Z-Chain (DAG-Z)} & parallel verify & \textbf{DAG} & nullifiers & ZK-UTXO \\
\textbf{Lux Q-Chain} & attest-parallel & \textbf{DAG+Quasar} & PQ stamps & attestation \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Lux versus contemporary parallel / DAG blockchains. Lux is the
only production system in which (a) the execution engine's conflict graph
is the consensus DAG and (b) this shape holds uniformly across EVM,
UTXO, ZK-UTXO, and PQ attestation workloads.}
\label{tab:contemporaries}
\end{table}
The critical distinction: Sui's Narwhal DAG carries \emph{transaction
availability}, not the execution conflict graph. The DAG is collapsed to a
total order by Bullshark/Mysticeti and then executed sequentially (or
parallel by object-type, separately). Aptos' Block-STM operates inside a
linear block: if block $B_n$ is not yet finalised, no transaction of
$B_{n+1}$ can execute even if entirely independent. Monad stacks
pipelining on linear consensus; DAG-level parallelism is not available.
Solana's account-lock model is static (declared in the tx), not derived
from execution footprints, and does not compose with DAG consensus.
Lux is the only production design in which the same conflict predicate
drives intra-block execution (Block-STM) \emph{and} inter-block finality
(nebula DAG) — yielding a uniform model across all chains with a natural
parallelism axis (EVM, DEX, UTXO, ZK, Oracle, Relay).
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