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Restructured from flat .tex/.pdf files into per-paper subdirectories. Added Antje Worring as co-author on all papers. Synced PDFs to pdfs/ for download site.
73 lines
2.9 KiB
TeX
73 lines
2.9 KiB
TeX
\section{Conclusion}
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We have presented a hybrid post-quantum cryptographic architecture for blockchain
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systems that combines BLS12-381 with ML-DSA-65 for signatures and X25519 with
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ML-KEM-768 for key exchange. The architecture is provably at least as secure as the
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stronger of the two components, adds acceptable overhead (1.43\,ms signing, 248
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bytes/epoch), and supports a graceful migration path.
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The key insight is that hybrid deployment is not a hedge---it is \emph{strictly
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dominant}. During the transition period, we do not know whether lattice assumptions
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or elliptic curve assumptions are stronger. The hybrid construction is secure
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regardless of which assumption ultimately fails. The cost is modest. The benefit
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is existential. Immediate hybrid deployment is the only rational choice.
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%% ========================================================================
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%% BIBLIOGRAPHY
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%% ========================================================================
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\begin{thebibliography}{20}
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\bibitem{fips203}
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NIST, ``Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism Standard (FIPS 203),''
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National Institute of Standards and Technology, August 2024.
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\bibitem{fips204}
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NIST, ``Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard (FIPS 204),''
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National Institute of Standards and Technology, August 2024.
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\bibitem{fips205}
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NIST, ``Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Standard (FIPS 205),''
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National Institute of Standards and Technology, August 2024.
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\bibitem{boneh2001bls}
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D. Boneh, B. Lynn, and H. Shacham, ``Short Signatures from the Weil Pairing,''
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\emph{Journal of Cryptology}, vol.~17, no.~4, pp.~297--319, 2004.
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\bibitem{shor1997}
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P.~W. Shor, ``Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete
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Logarithms on a Quantum Computer,'' \emph{SIAM Journal on Computing}, vol.~26,
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no.~5, pp.~1484--1509, 1997.
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\bibitem{stebila2020hybrid}
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D. Stebila, S. Fluhrer, and S. Gueron, ``Hybrid Key Exchange in TLS~1.3,''
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Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-tls-hybrid-design, 2020.
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\bibitem{rfc9180}
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R. Barnes, K. Bhargavan, B. Lipp, and C. Wood, ``Hybrid Public Key Encryption,''
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RFC 9180, IETF, February 2022.
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\bibitem{bindel2019hybrid}
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N. Bindel, J. Brendel, M. Fischlin, B. Goncalves, and D. Stebila, ``Hybrid Key
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Encapsulation Mechanisms and Authenticated Key Exchange,'' \emph{Post-Quantum
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Cryptography (PQCrypto)}, pp.~206--226, Springer, 2019.
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\bibitem{qrl2018}
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P. Waterland et al., ``The Quantum Resistant Ledger,'' QRL Foundation, 2018.
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\bibitem{eip7562}
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Ethereum Foundation, ``EIP-7562: Account Abstraction Validation Scope Rules,''
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Ethereum Improvement Proposals, 2023.
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\bibitem{grover1996}
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L.~K. Grover, ``A Fast Quantum Mechanical Algorithm for Database Search,''
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\emph{Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing},
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pp.~212--219, 1996.
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\bibitem{mosca2018}
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M.~Mosca, ``Cybersecurity in an Era with Quantum Computers: Will We Be Ready?''
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\emph{IEEE Security \& Privacy}, vol.~16, no.~5, pp.~38--41, 2018.
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\end{thebibliography}
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