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27 lines
1.0 KiB
TeX
27 lines
1.0 KiB
TeX
\section{ML-DSA Signature Size}
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ML-DSA-65 (FIPS 204, NIST Level 3) is the Lux network's post-quantum signature scheme.
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\subsection{Size Comparison}
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{lrrrl}
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\toprule
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\textbf{Scheme} & \textbf{Public Key} & \textbf{Signature} & \textbf{Relative} & \textbf{PQ Secure} \\
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\midrule
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ECDSA (secp256k1) & 33 B & 64 B & 1$\times$ & No \\
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Ed25519 & 32 B & 64 B & 1$\times$ & No \\
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BLS12-381 & 48 B & 96 B & 1.5$\times$ & No \\
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ML-DSA-44 & 1,312 B & 2,420 B & 37.8$\times$ & Yes (Level 2) \\
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ML-DSA-65 & 1,952 B & 3,309 B & 51.7$\times$ & Yes (Level 3) \\
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ML-DSA-87 & 2,592 B & 4,627 B & 72.3$\times$ & Yes (Level 5) \\
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SLH-DSA-128s & 32 B & 7,856 B & 122.8$\times$ & Yes (Level 1) \\
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SLH-DSA-192s & 48 B & 16,224 B & 253.5$\times$ & Yes (Level 3) \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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A block signed by 100 validators with individual ML-DSA-65 signatures would be $100 \times 3{,}309 = 330{,}900$ bytes just for signatures. At 1,000 blocks/second, this is 330 MB/s of signature bandwidth alone---clearly impractical.
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