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110 lines
3.7 KiB
TeX
110 lines
3.7 KiB
TeX
\section{Benchmark 8: Geographic Distribution}
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\label{sec:geo}
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%% ============================================================================
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This section measures the impact of geographic spread on finality and throughput.
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\subsection{Configuration}
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Three deployment topologies:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \textbf{Single-DC}: All 21 validators in SFO ($<$0.5\,ms RTT).
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\item \textbf{Dual-DC}: 11 in SFO, 10 in NYC (62\,ms RTT).
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\item \textbf{Tri-DC}: 7 each in SFO, NYC, MCI (28--62\,ms RTT).
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\end{itemize}
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\subsection{Finality Results}
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\begin{table}[h]
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}{@{}lrrr@{}}
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\toprule
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\textbf{Protocol} & \textbf{Single-DC (ms)} & \textbf{Dual-DC (ms)} & \textbf{Tri-DC (ms)} \\
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\midrule
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\textbf{Quasar} & 18 & 142 & 204 \\
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Narwhal+Tusk & 48 & 310 & 464 \\
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Snow & 85 & 620 & 920 \\
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Tendermint & 95 & 780 & 1{,}180 \\
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HotStuff & 110 & 1{,}050 & 1{,}640 \\
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Tower BFT & 400 & 12{,}600 & 12{,}800 \\
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Casper FFG & 768{,}000 & 768{,}000 & 768{,}000 \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\caption{Median finality across deployment topologies at $n=21$.}
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\label{tab:geo-finality}
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\end{table}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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\begin{axis}[
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ybar,
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bar width=8pt,
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width=0.95\textwidth,
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height=7cm,
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ymode=log,
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log ticks with fixed point,
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ylabel={Finality time (ms, log scale)},
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symbolic x coords={Quasar, Narwhal, Snow, Tendermint, HotStuff, Tower BFT},
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xtick=data,
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xticklabel style={rotate=30, anchor=east, font=\small},
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ymin=10,
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ymax=50000,
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enlarge x limits=0.1,
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legend style={at={(0.02,0.98)}, anchor=north west, font=\small},
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]
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\addplot[fill=luxpurple!30] coordinates {
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(Quasar, 18) (Narwhal, 48) (Snow, 85) (Tendermint, 95) (HotStuff, 110) (Tower BFT, 400)
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};
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\addplot[fill=luxpurple!60] coordinates {
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(Quasar, 142) (Narwhal, 310) (Snow, 620) (Tendermint, 780) (HotStuff, 1050) (Tower BFT, 12600)
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};
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\addplot[fill=luxpurple] coordinates {
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(Quasar, 204) (Narwhal, 464) (Snow, 920) (Tendermint, 1180) (HotStuff, 1640) (Tower BFT, 12800)
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};
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\legend{Single-DC, Dual-DC, Tri-DC}
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\caption{Finality sensitivity to geographic distribution (Casper FFG omitted---constant
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at 768\,s). Quasar degrades linearly with RTT.}
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\label{fig:geo}
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\end{figure}
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\subsection{Throughput Results}
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\begin{table}[h]
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}{@{}lrrr@{}}
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\toprule
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\textbf{Protocol} & \textbf{Single-DC} & \textbf{Dual-DC} & \textbf{Tri-DC} \\
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\midrule
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\textbf{Quasar} & 22{,}400 & 19{,}100 & 18{,}200 \\
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Narwhal+Tusk & 130{,}000 & 62{,}000 & 46{,}000 \\
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Snow & 5{,}800 & 5{,}400 & 5{,}200 \\
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Tendermint & 10{,}200 & 5{,}600 & 4{,}100 \\
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HotStuff & 15{,}400 & 10{,}200 & 8{,}500 \\
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Tower BFT & 65{,}000 & 54{,}000 & 52{,}000 \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\caption{Throughput (TPS) across deployment topologies at $n=21$.}
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\label{tab:geo-throughput}
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\end{table}
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\subsection{Analysis}
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Quasar's single-DC finality of 18\,ms (CPU BLS) demonstrates that the protocol is
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network-bound, not compute-bound. With GPU BLS acceleration, single-DC finality
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drops to \textbf{10\,ms}. The 11.3$\times$ increase from single-DC to tri-DC
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(18\,ms $\to$ 204\,ms) directly reflects the 3-RTT critical path across a 62\,ms
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WAN link.
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Narwhal+Tusk shows the largest absolute throughput drop (130{,}000 $\to$ 46{,}000, a
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65\% reduction) because DAG construction requires all-to-all certificate exchange, which
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is heavily RTT-sensitive. Snow's throughput is most stable (5{,}800 $\to$ 5{,}200, only
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10\% reduction) because each validator samples independently---geographic spread does not
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affect the $K=25$ sample quorum.
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%% ============================================================================
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