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zooqueen
a1f77cacc9
Ringtail (Boschini et al., ePrint 2024/1113) is third-party prior art; Lux's Corona (Ring-LWE = Module-LWE rank-1) builds on it; Pulsar is Module-LWE rank-k. Retired the conflated boschini2024corona/corona2024/coronago/... bib keys to the single canonical ringtail/corona/pulsar/magnetar keys, rewrote \cite + \bibitem by context, and fixed 'Pulsar (Ring-LWE)' mislabels (Corona where corona.metal/ single-ring/Ringtail-derived; Pulsar where Module-LWE rank-k/ML-DSA). Cryptographer-led.
24 lines
1.4 KiB
TeX
24 lines
1.4 KiB
TeX
\section{Introduction}
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Blockchain consensus protocols face an existential challenge from quantum computing. Shor's algorithm can break elliptic curve signatures in polynomial time \cite{shor1994}, threatening the security of all ECDSA and BLS-based blockchains. While post-quantum cryptography standards have emerged \cite{nist-pqc}, integrating them without sacrificing performance remains unsolved.
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\subsection{The Quantum Threat Timeline}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \textbf{2030-2035}: NIST estimates quantum computers capable of breaking RSA-2048 and ECDSA \cite{mosca2018}
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\item \textbf{Harvest-now-decrypt-later}: Adversaries store encrypted blockchain data today, decrypt later with quantum computers
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\item \textbf{$<$10ms attack window}: Even theoretical quantum computers cannot break BLS12-381 in the narrow GPU BLS finality window we achieve
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\end{itemize}
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\subsection{Quasar's Solution}
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Quasar addresses quantum threats through:
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item \textbf{Triple-proof finality}: Require both classical (BLS) and post-quantum (Corona) signatures for block finalization
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\item \textbf{Narrow attack window}: 10\,ms GPU BLS finality leaves no time for quantum attacks
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\item \textbf{Modular architecture}: Six consensus engines supporting different blockchain types (linear, DAG, voting)
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\item \textbf{Efficient proofs}: Verkle trees and witness validation for scalable state verification
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\end{enumerate}
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