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Restructured from flat .tex/.pdf files into per-paper subdirectories. Added Antje Worring as co-author on all papers. Synced PDFs to pdfs/ for download site.
34 lines
1.7 KiB
TeX
34 lines
1.7 KiB
TeX
\section{End-to-End Consensus Impact}
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%% ============================================================================
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\subsection{Simulated Quasar Round-Trip}
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We simulate a complete Quasar consensus round: propose $\rightarrow$ prevote $\rightarrow$ precommit $\rightarrow$ commit, measuring the transport layer contribution.
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\begin{table}[h]
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\centering
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\caption{Simulated Quasar round time (21 validators, loopback)}
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\label{tab:consensus}
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\begin{tabular}{lrrrr}
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\toprule
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\textbf{Protocol} & \textbf{Transport ($\mu$s)} & \textbf{\% of round} & \textbf{Rounds/sec} & \textbf{Timeout risk} \\
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\midrule
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\rowcolor{luxblue!10}
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ZAP & 18.3 & 1.8\% & 54,600 & $<10^{-12}$ \\
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FlatBuffers & 24.8 & 2.4\% & 40,300 & $<10^{-12}$ \\
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Cap'n Proto & 31.2 & 3.1\% & 32,100 & $<10^{-11}$ \\
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gRPC & 83.4 & 8.3\% & 12,000 & $1.7 \times 10^{-6}$ \\
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QUIC & 72.1 & 7.2\% & 13,900 & $8.2 \times 10^{-7}$ \\
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Protobuf-mux & 148.6 & 14.9\% & 6,730 & $4.1 \times 10^{-5}$ \\
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JSON-RPC & 312.4 & 31.2\% & 3,200 & $2.8 \times 10^{-3}$ \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\end{table}
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With ZAP, transport accounts for only 1.8\% of the consensus round time (the remaining 98.2\% is block validation, state transition, and Ed25519 signature verification). With JSON-RPC, transport consumes 31.2\% of the round---the serialization layer becomes a primary bottleneck.
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The ``Timeout risk'' column estimates the probability of a transport-induced timeout ($>$100ms) per million rounds. ZAP's risk is below $10^{-12}$ (effectively zero). JSON-RPC's $2.8 \times 10^{-3}$ means approximately 3 timeouts per million rounds---unacceptable for production consensus.
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%% ============================================================================
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