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Every adopter asked whether its block still extended the tip, released that reading, and only then asked the store for the lock. The tip moves in between and the commit lands anyway, writing the height index and the tip pointer for a block on an abandoned branch -- which every peer bootstrapping from that index is then served as canonical. The lock is not reentrant, so the check cannot come from the caller and be held across the commit: it comes from the store or it is not held at all. Parent joins Height on the Block interface because a place in the sequence takes both, and height alone is the reading that lets an old accepted block pass. Two concurrent accepts fall to the same move, not just the Verify-to-Accept window: the tip a block is judged against is now read inside the critical section that commits it, so the second is refused rather than serialised behind a reading taken before the first landed. The store also exempts nothing, where identityvm exempted height zero -- and its Verify skips every parent check at height zero, so a peer could hand a live chain a second genesis carrying records of its choosing and send the tip and the height back to the start. mpcvm keeps its root comparison, which answers a different question -- whether applying this block reaches the root the network agreed on -- and stays true of a node whose state moved for any reason. That a moved tip also showed up there is a consequence of that chain refusing empty blocks, not what the comparison is for. Seed records the tip in that same commit, because seeding is what makes a chain no longer fresh. Recording none left Open, for which a missing tip is a fresh chain, reporting a seeded node fresh on every boot and asking for the allocation again: a duplicate its own state refuses, and a node that cannot restart until it produces a block it cannot produce.