zeekayandHanzo Dev
ba49281f80
Apples-to-apples benchmark of the cevm (C++ EVM) cgo ProcessBlock path vs the Go EVM (luxfi/geth core/state) raw state transition, on the golden block of N value transfers that both engines prove to the same keccak-MPT root 0x57b7250733ad7f7a...020099. - TestBenchRootParity: validity gate. At N=1000 cevm==go==geth golden; at N=10000 cevm==go mutual. If roots diverge the comparison is invalid. - BenchmarkCevmProcessBlock: whole cgo ProcessBlock (seed C++ state + full validated EVM block + real keccak-MPT commit + result marshalling). - BenchmarkGoStateApply: Go state transition only (Sub/Add/SetNonce + IntermediateRoot(true)); seeding excluded. Narrowest Go baseline. - BenchmarkGoStateSeedApply: Go seed+apply+root, the pure-function analogue of ProcessBlock. Measured (Apple M1 Max, best-of-5, -tags cevm): at N=10k cevm ProcessBlock ~24.5ms / ~8585 Mgas/s vs Go-apply ~71.2ms and Go-seed+apply ~87.6ms — cevm ~2.9x / ~3.6x faster while doing strictly more work (full EVM + validation + gas + cgo round-trip vs state-mutation-only). Co-authored-by: Hanzo Dev <[email protected]>
Core Package
The core package maintains the backend for the blockchain, transaction pool, and maintains the required indexes for blocks, transactions, logs, and transaction receipts.
Blockchain
The BlockChain struct handles the insertion of blocks into the maintained chain. It maintains a "canonical chain", which is essentially the preferred chain (the chain that ends with the block preferred by the Luxd consensus engine).
When the consensus engine verifies blocks as they are ready to be issued into consensus, it calls Verify() on the ChainVM Block interface implemented here. This calls InsertBlockManual on the BlockChain struct implemented in this package, which is the first entrypoint of a block into the blockchain.
InsertBlockManual verifies the block, inserts it into the state manager to track the merkle trie for the block, and adds it to the canonical chain if it extends the currently preferred chain.
EVM adds functions for Accept and Reject, which take care of marking a block as finalized and performing garbage collection where possible.
The consensus engine can also call SetPreference on a VM to tell the VM that a specific block is preferred by the consensus engine to be accepted. This triggers a call to reorg the blockchain and set the newly preferred block as the preferred chain.
Transaction Pool
The transaction pool maintains the set of transactions that need to be issued into a new block. The VM exposes APIs that allow clients to issue transactions into the transaction pool and also performs gossip across the network in order to send and receive pending transactions that need to be issued into a new block. The transaction pool asynchronously follows the preferred block of the BlockChain struct by subscribing to new head events and updating its state accordingly. When the transaction pool updates, it ensures that any transactions it contains are still valid to be issued on top of the new preferred block.
State Manager
The State Manager manages the TrieDB. The TrieDB tracks a merkle forest of all of the merkle tries for the last accepted block and processing blocks. When a block is processed, the state transition results in a new merkle trie added to the merkle forest. The State Manager can operate in either archival or pruning mode.
Archival Mode
In archival mode, every merkle trie is written to disk so that the node maintains a complete history of all the blocks that it has processed.
Pruning Mode
In pruning mode, the State Manager keeps a reference to merkle tries of processing blocks. When a block gets accepted, it stays in memory. When a block gets rejected, the state manager can dereference and clean up the no longer needed merkle trie. The State Manager does not immediately write the merkle trie to disk of a block when it gets accepted. Instead, at a regular interval (~4096 blocks) it writes the merkle trie to disk, so that it does not add the overhead of storing every accepted block's merkle trie to disk.