precompile/fhe

FHE Precompile

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) precompile for Lux blockchain, enabling privacy-preserving smart contracts.

Overview

This precompile provides FHE operations using the CKKS (Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song) scheme implemented in pure Go via luxfi/lattice. It supports threshold decryption through the T-Chain (67-of-100 validators via LP-333).

Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                        C-Chain (EVM)                            │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                  Smart Contracts                         │   │
│  │   ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────────┐ │   │
│  │   │ FHERC20.sol │  │ Auction.sol │  │ PrivateVote.sol │ │   │
│  │   └──────┬──────┘  └──────┬──────┘  └────────┬────────┘ │   │
│  └──────────┼────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────┘   │
│             │                │                  │               │
│  ┌──────────▼────────────────▼──────────────────▼──────────┐   │
│  │                    FHE Precompiles                       │   │
│  │  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────────┐  │   │
│  │  │ FHE (0x80)  │  │ ACL (0x81)  │  │ Gateway (0x83)  │  │   │
│  │  │ Operations  │  │ Access Ctrl │  │ Decryption      │  │   │
│  │  └──────┬──────┘  └─────────────┘  └────────┬────────┘  │   │
│  └─────────┼───────────────────────────────────┼───────────┘   │
└────────────┼───────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┘
             │ Warp Message                      │ Warp Message
             ▼                                   ▼
┌────────────────────────┐         ┌─────────────────────────────┐
│      Z-Chain (zkVM)    │         │     T-Chain (Threshold)     │
│  ┌──────────────────┐  │         │  ┌───────────────────────┐  │
│  │   FHE Processor  │  │         │  │ Threshold Decryptor   │  │
│  │   - CKKS Ops     │  │         │  │ - 67-of-100 shares    │  │
│  │   - Coprocessor  │  │         │  │ - CKKS Multiparty     │  │
│  │   - luxfi/lattice│  │         │  │ - Share Combiner      │  │
│  └──────────────────┘  │         │  └───────────────────────┘  │
└────────────────────────┘         └─────────────────────────────┘

Precompile Addresses

Precompile	Address	Purpose
FHE	0x0200000000000000000000000000000000000080	Core FHE operations
ACL	0x0200000000000000000000000000000000000081	Access control
InputVerifier	0x0200000000000000000000000000000000000082	Input validation
FHEDecrypt	0x0200000000000000000000000000000000000083	Threshold decryption via T-Chain

Encrypted Types

Type	Description	Solidity
ebool	Encrypted boolean	type ebool is bytes32
euint8	Encrypted 8-bit uint	type euint8 is bytes32
euint16	Encrypted 16-bit uint	type euint16 is bytes32
euint32	Encrypted 32-bit uint	type euint32 is bytes32
euint64	Encrypted 64-bit uint	type euint64 is bytes32
euint128	Encrypted 128-bit uint	type euint128 is bytes32
euint256	Encrypted 256-bit uint	type euint256 is bytes32
eaddress	Encrypted address	type eaddress is bytes32

Operations

Arithmetic

• add(a, b) - Addition
• sub(a, b) - Subtraction
• mul(a, b) - Multiplication
• div(a, b) - Division
• rem(a, b) - Remainder
• neg(a) - Negation

Comparison

• lt(a, b) - Less than
• le(a, b) - Less than or equal
• gt(a, b) - Greater than
• ge(a, b) - Greater than or equal
• eq(a, b) - Equal
• ne(a, b) - Not equal
• min(a, b) - Minimum
• max(a, b) - Maximum

Bitwise

• and(a, b) - Bitwise AND
• or(a, b) - Bitwise OR
• xor(a, b) - Bitwise XOR
• not(a) - Bitwise NOT
• shl(a, bits) - Shift left
• shr(a, bits) - Shift right

Conditional

• select(cond, ifTrue, ifFalse) - Conditional select

Randomness

• rand(type) - Generate encrypted random value

Gas Costs

Operation	Gas Cost
Encryption	50,000
Add/Sub	65,000
Mul	150,000
Div/Rem	500,000
Comparison	60,000
Bitwise	50,000
Select	100,000
Random	100,000
Decrypt Request	10,000

Usage Example

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import {FHE, euint64, ebool} from "lux-standard/contracts/fhe/FHE.sol";

contract PrivateBalance {
    mapping(address => euint64) private balances;
    
    function deposit(uint64 amount) external {
        euint64 encrypted = FHE.asEuint64(amount);
        balances[msg.sender] = FHE.add(balances[msg.sender], encrypted);
        FHE.allowThis(balances[msg.sender]);
    }
    
    function transfer(address to, uint64 amount) external {
        euint64 encAmount = FHE.asEuint64(amount);
        
        // Check sufficient balance (encrypted comparison)
        ebool sufficient = FHE.ge(balances[msg.sender], encAmount);
        
        // Conditional update (works on encrypted data)
        balances[msg.sender] = FHE.select(
            sufficient,
            FHE.sub(balances[msg.sender], encAmount),
            balances[msg.sender]
        );
        
        balances[to] = FHE.select(
            sufficient,
            FHE.add(balances[to], encAmount),
            balances[to]
        );
    }
}

Decryption Flow

1. Request: Contract calls FHE.decrypt(value) or Gateway.decrypt(handle, type)
2. Warp: Request sent to T-Chain via Warp messaging
3. Threshold: 67-of-100 validators contribute decryption shares
4. Combine: Shares combined to recover plaintext
5. Fulfill: Result returned via fulfill(requestId, result) callback
6. Poll/Callback: Contract retrieves result via reveal(requestId) or receives callback

Files

• module.go - Module registration
• contract.go - FHE precompile implementation
• acl.go - Access control implementation (in evm/precompile)
• gateway.go - Decryption gateway (in evm/precompile)
• IFHE.sol - Solidity interfaces

Related Components

• luxfi/lattice - Pure Go CKKS implementation
• node/vms/zkvm/fhe - Z-Chain FHE processor
• node/vms/thresholdvm - T-Chain threshold operations
• standard/contracts/fhe - Solidity FHE library

License

Copyright (C) 2019-2024, Lux Partners Limited. All rights reserved. See the file LICENSE for licensing terms.