Files
zen-blog/blog/zen-reranker.html
zeekay 004979143d fix(branding): move decorator to external /zen-decorate.js for React-proof exec
Root cause of HF + GitHub + section icons not appearing in the docs route:
Next.js React hydration was stripping the inline <script> + <style>
elements I'd injected into <body> on every docs page during DOM
reconciliation. The script never registered its setInterval.

Move the decorator to /zen-decorate.js loaded via <script defer src>
in <head>. React leaves external <script src> elements alone, so the
intervals stay alive. The keyframes CSS is now also small enough to
stay in <body> (React will strip it but the @keyframes are already
registered in the global CSSOM by the time it does).
2026-05-19 20:08:58 -07:00

267 lines
98 KiB
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<!DOCTYPE html><!--i_dnJM_MIpJSOCQWNJVMq--><html lang="en" class="dark"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/chunks/f2332aac77592f9d.css" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="preload" as="script" fetchPriority="low" href="/_next/static/chunks/e83606e8fa9cc796.js"/><script src="/_next/static/chunks/36d6595f0156cd7e.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/040e9cea20a8d9c7.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/d4dffb5a0973d49c.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/turbopack-967f27a9fd33556d.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/59d0ad1b64f8544e.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/4d80e004cf4896dd.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/350ee4303b732916.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/8de849ca74fc071f.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/e62b91212ee7f8ff.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/f19fe44237e54646.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/cb0a883bafeb6805.js" async=""></script><meta name="theme-color" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" content="#0A0A0A"/><meta name="theme-color" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" content="#fff"/><title>Zen Reranker: Two-Stage Retrieval Done Right — Zen LM Blog | Zen LM</title><meta name="description" content="Introducing the Zen Reranker, a cross-encoder model that dramatically improves retrieval quality in two-stage pipelines."/><meta property="og:title" content="Zen LM - Open Foundation Models"/><meta property="og:description" content="Zen AI model family by Hanzo AI. 14 frontier models from 4B to 1T+ parameters for code, reasoning, vision, and multimodal tasks."/><meta property="og:url" content="https://zenlm.org"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Zen LM"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@zenlmorg"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@zenlmorg"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Zen LM - Open Foundation Models"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Zen AI model family by Hanzo AI. 14 frontier models from 4B to 1T+ parameters for code, reasoning, vision, and multimodal tasks."/><script src="/_next/static/chunks/a6dad97d9634a72d.js" noModule=""></script><script defer src="/zen-decorate.js"></script></head><body class="antialiased"><div hidden=""><!--$--><!--/$--></div><script>((a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h)=>{let i=document.documentElement,j=["light","dark"];function k(b){var c;(Array.isArray(a)?a:[a]).forEach(a=>{let c="class"===a,d=c&&f?e.map(a=>f[a]||a):e;c?(i.classList.remove(...d),i.classList.add(f&&f[b]?f[b]:b)):i.setAttribute(a,b)}),c=b,h&&j.includes(c)&&(i.style.colorScheme=c)}if(d)k(d);else try{let a=localStorage.getItem(b)||c,d=g&&"system"===a?window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches?"dark":"light":a;k(d)}catch(a){}})("class","theme","system",null,["light","dark"],null,true,true)</script><!--$--><div data-closed="" role="presentation" hidden="" style="user-select:none;-webkit-user-select:none" class="fixed inset-0 z-50 backdrop-blur-xs bg-fd-overlay data-open:animate-fd-fade-in data-closed:animate-fd-fade-out"></div><div class="bg-fd-secondary/50 p-3 empty:hidden"></div><!--/$--><main class="mx-auto w-full max-w-2xl px-4 py-16"><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 text-sm text-fd-muted-foreground hover:text-fd-foreground mb-10 transition-colors" href="/blog">← Back to Blog</a><div class="mb-8"><time class="text-xs font-mono text-fd-muted-foreground uppercase tracking-wider">March 12, 2023</time><h1 class="text-3xl font-bold mt-2 mb-3">Zen Reranker: Two-Stage Retrieval Done Right</h1><p class="text-fd-muted-foreground text-lg mb-4">Introducing the Zen Reranker, a cross-encoder model that dramatically improves retrieval quality in two-stage pipelines.</p><div class="flex items-center gap-3 pt-4 border-t border-fd-border"><span class="text-sm text-fd-muted-foreground">By <!-- -->Zach Kelling</span><div class="flex gap-1.5 ml-auto"><span class="text-[10px] font-mono uppercase tracking-wider bg-fd-muted text-fd-muted-foreground px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded">Research</span><span class="text-[10px] font-mono uppercase tracking-wider bg-fd-muted text-fd-muted-foreground px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded">Retrieval</span><span class="text-[10px] font-mono uppercase tracking-wider bg-fd-muted text-fd-muted-foreground px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded">Reranking</span></div></div></div><div class="prose dark:prose-invert max-w-none"><p>Embedding-based retrieval is fast but imprecise. Cross-encoder reranking is precise but slow. The combination unlocks the best of both. Today we release the Zen Reranker, purpose-built for two-stage retrieval.</p>
<h2 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="two-stage-retrieval"><a data-card="" href="#two-stage-retrieval" class="peer">Two-Stage Retrieval</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h2>
<p>Modern retrieval pipelines typically operate in two stages:</p>
<figure dir="ltr" class="my-4 bg-fd-card rounded-xl shiki relative border shadow-sm not-prose overflow-hidden text-sm shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark" style="--shiki-light:#24292e;--shiki-dark:#e1e4e8;--shiki-light-bg:#fff;--shiki-dark-bg:#24292e" tabindex="-1"><div class="empty:hidden absolute top-3 right-2 z-2 backdrop-blur-lg rounded-lg text-fd-muted-foreground"><button type="button" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md text-sm font-medium transition-colors duration-100 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-fd-ring p-1 [&amp;_svg]:size-4 hover:text-fd-accent-foreground data-checked:text-fd-accent-foreground" aria-label="Copy Text"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clipboard" aria-hidden="true"><rect width="8" height="4" x="8" y="2" rx="1" ry="1"></rect><path d="M16 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"></path></svg></button></div><div role="region" tabindex="0" class="text-[0.8125rem] py-3.5 overflow-auto max-h-[600px] fd-scroll-container focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-inset focus-visible:ring-fd-ring" style="--padding-right:calc(var(--spacing) * 8)"><pre class="min-w-full w-max *:flex *:flex-col"><code><span class="line"><span></span></span>
<span class="line"><span> Query -&gt; [Embedding Retrieval] -&gt; Top-K Candidates -&gt; [Reranker] -&gt; Final Results</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> (fast, approximate) (slow, precise)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> </span></span></code></pre></div></figure>
<p><strong>Stage 1</strong> : Bi-encoder embeddings enable fast approximate search over millions of documents. Retrieve top-100 to top-1000 candidates.</p>
<p><strong>Stage 2</strong> : Cross-encoder reranker scores each candidate against the query with full attention. Reorder to get final top-10 or top-20.</p>
<p>The reranker sees query-document pairs together, enabling much finer relevance distinctions than independent embeddings.</p>
<h2 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="the-zen-reranker"><a data-card="" href="#the-zen-reranker" class="peer">The Zen Reranker</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h2>
<p>Our reranker builds on several key design decisions:</p>
<h3 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="architecture"><a data-card="" href="#architecture" class="peer">Architecture</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Base</strong> : 330M parameter encoder-only transformer</li>
<li><strong>Input</strong> : Concatenated query and document with separator tokens</li>
<li><strong>Output</strong> : Single relevance score (0-1)</li>
<li><strong>Context</strong> : 512 tokens (query + document combined)</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="training-data"><a data-card="" href="#training-data" class="peer">Training Data</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h3>
<p>We curated training data from multiple sources:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>MS MARCO</strong> : Search query-passage pairs (positive and hard negatives)</li>
<li><strong>Natural Questions</strong> : Question-answer pairs from Wikipedia</li>
<li><strong>Synthetic pairs</strong> : LLM-generated query-document pairs with labels</li>
<li><strong>Human judgments</strong> : 50K expert-annotated pairs across domains</li>
</ol>
<p>Total: 12M training pairs with 4-way relevance labels.</p>
<h3 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="training-objective"><a data-card="" href="#training-objective" class="peer">Training Objective</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h3>
<p>We use a listwise loss that considers the full ranking:</p>
<figure dir="ltr" class="my-4 bg-fd-card rounded-xl shiki relative border shadow-sm not-prose overflow-hidden text-sm shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark" style="--shiki-light:#24292e;--shiki-dark:#e1e4e8;--shiki-light-bg:#fff;--shiki-dark-bg:#24292e" tabindex="-1"><div class="empty:hidden absolute top-3 right-2 z-2 backdrop-blur-lg rounded-lg text-fd-muted-foreground"><button type="button" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md text-sm font-medium transition-colors duration-100 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-fd-ring p-1 [&amp;_svg]:size-4 hover:text-fd-accent-foreground data-checked:text-fd-accent-foreground" aria-label="Copy Text"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clipboard" aria-hidden="true"><rect width="8" height="4" x="8" y="2" rx="1" ry="1"></rect><path d="M16 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"></path></svg></button></div><div role="region" tabindex="0" class="text-[0.8125rem] py-3.5 overflow-auto max-h-[600px] fd-scroll-container focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-inset focus-visible:ring-fd-ring" style="--padding-right:calc(var(--spacing) * 8)"><pre class="min-w-full w-max *:flex *:flex-col"><code><span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583"> def</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0"> listwise_loss</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">(scores, labels):</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D"> # Softmax over candidate scores</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> probs </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> softmax(scores)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D"> # Cross-entropy with label distribution</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583"> -</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF">sum</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">(labels </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">*</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> log(probs))</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> </span></span></code></pre></div></figure>
<p>This outperforms pointwise binary classification by teaching the model to rank, not just classify.</p>
<h2 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="benchmark-results"><a data-card="" href="#benchmark-results" class="peer">Benchmark Results</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h2>
<h3 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="beir-reranking"><a data-card="" href="#beir-reranking" class="peer">BEIR Reranking</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h3>
<p>Reranking BM25 top-100 results:</p>
<div class="relative overflow-auto prose-no-margin my-6"><table><thead><tr><th>Reranker</th><th>NDCG@10</th><th>Time (ms/query)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>No reranking</td><td>42.1</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>monoT5-base</td><td>49.3</td><td>180</td></tr><tr><td>MiniLM-reranker</td><td>47.8</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Zen Reranker</strong></td><td>52.7</td><td>62</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="reranking-zen-embeddings"><a data-card="" href="#reranking-zen-embeddings" class="peer">Reranking Zen Embeddings</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h3>
<p>Combined with our 7680d embeddings:</p>
<div class="relative overflow-auto prose-no-margin my-6"><table><thead><tr><th>Pipeline</th><th>NDCG@10</th><th>Latency</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Zen-Embed only</td><td>57.3</td><td>8ms</td></tr><tr><td>Zen-Embed + Reranker</td><td>64.1</td><td>70ms</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p>The two-stage pipeline achieves +12% improvement with acceptable latency overhead.</p>
<h3 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="domain-specific-performance"><a data-card="" href="#domain-specific-performance" class="peer">Domain-Specific Performance</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h3>
<div class="relative overflow-auto prose-no-margin my-6"><table><thead><tr><th>Domain</th><th>BM25</th><th>+Zen Reranker</th><th>Improvement</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Scientific (SCIDOCS)</td><td>15.8</td><td>21.4</td><td>+35%</td></tr><tr><td>Finance (FiQA)</td><td>29.6</td><td>38.2</td><td>+29%</td></tr><tr><td>Covid (TREC-COVID)</td><td>65.5</td><td>78.3</td><td>+20%</td></tr><tr><td>Quora duplicate</td><td>78.9</td><td>84.6</td><td>+7%</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p>Specialized domains with complex language benefit most.</p>
<h2 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="usage"><a data-card="" href="#usage" class="peer">Usage</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h2>
<h3 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="basic-usage"><a data-card="" href="#basic-usage" class="peer">Basic Usage</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h3>
<figure dir="ltr" class="my-4 bg-fd-card rounded-xl shiki relative border shadow-sm not-prose overflow-hidden text-sm shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark" style="--shiki-light:#24292e;--shiki-dark:#e1e4e8;--shiki-light-bg:#fff;--shiki-dark-bg:#24292e" tabindex="-1"><div class="empty:hidden absolute top-3 right-2 z-2 backdrop-blur-lg rounded-lg text-fd-muted-foreground"><button type="button" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md text-sm font-medium transition-colors duration-100 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-fd-ring p-1 [&amp;_svg]:size-4 hover:text-fd-accent-foreground data-checked:text-fd-accent-foreground" aria-label="Copy Text"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clipboard" aria-hidden="true"><rect width="8" height="4" x="8" y="2" rx="1" ry="1"></rect><path d="M16 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"></path></svg></button></div><div role="region" tabindex="0" class="text-[0.8125rem] py-3.5 overflow-auto max-h-[600px] fd-scroll-container focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-inset focus-visible:ring-fd-ring" style="--padding-right:calc(var(--spacing) * 8)"><pre class="min-w-full w-max *:flex *:flex-col"><code><span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583"> from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> zen.reranker </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> ZenReranker</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> reranker </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> ZenReranker.from_pretrained(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">&quot;zoo-labs/zen-reranker&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> query </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> &quot;What causes climate change?&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> documents </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> [</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> &quot;Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere...&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> &quot;The weather today is sunny and warm...&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> &quot;CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels...&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> ]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> scores </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> reranker.score(query, documents)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D"> # [0.92, 0.12, 0.87]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> </span></span></code></pre></div></figure>
<h3 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="integration-with-retrievers"><a data-card="" href="#integration-with-retrievers" class="peer">Integration with Retrievers</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h3>
<figure dir="ltr" class="my-4 bg-fd-card rounded-xl shiki relative border shadow-sm not-prose overflow-hidden text-sm shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark" style="--shiki-light:#24292e;--shiki-dark:#e1e4e8;--shiki-light-bg:#fff;--shiki-dark-bg:#24292e" tabindex="-1"><div class="empty:hidden absolute top-3 right-2 z-2 backdrop-blur-lg rounded-lg text-fd-muted-foreground"><button type="button" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md text-sm font-medium transition-colors duration-100 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-fd-ring p-1 [&amp;_svg]:size-4 hover:text-fd-accent-foreground data-checked:text-fd-accent-foreground" aria-label="Copy Text"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clipboard" aria-hidden="true"><rect width="8" height="4" x="8" y="2" rx="1" ry="1"></rect><path d="M16 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"></path></svg></button></div><div role="region" tabindex="0" class="text-[0.8125rem] py-3.5 overflow-auto max-h-[600px] fd-scroll-container focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-inset focus-visible:ring-fd-ring" style="--padding-right:calc(var(--spacing) * 8)"><pre class="min-w-full w-max *:flex *:flex-col"><code><span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583"> from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> zen.retrieval </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> ZenRetriever</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583"> from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> zen.reranker </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> ZenReranker</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> retriever </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> ZenRetriever(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">&quot;zoo-labs/zen-embed-xl&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> reranker </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> ZenReranker.from_pretrained(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">&quot;zoo-labs/zen-reranker&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D"> # Stage 1: Fast retrieval</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> candidates </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> retriever.retrieve(query, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70">k</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF">100</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D"> # Stage 2: Precise reranking</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> reranked </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> reranker.rerank(query, candidates, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70">k</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF">10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8"> </span></span></code></pre></div></figure>
<h3 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="batched-inference"><a data-card="" href="#batched-inference" class="peer">Batched Inference</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h3>
<p>For production workloads:</p>
<figure dir="ltr" class="my-4 bg-fd-card rounded-xl shiki relative border shadow-sm not-prose overflow-hidden text-sm shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark" style="--shiki-light:#24292e;--shiki-dark:#e1e4e8;--shiki-light-bg:#fff;--shiki-dark-bg:#24292e" tabindex="-1"><div class="empty:hidden absolute top-3 right-2 z-2 backdrop-blur-lg rounded-lg text-fd-muted-foreground"><button type="button" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md text-sm font-medium transition-colors duration-100 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-fd-ring p-1 [&amp;_svg]:size-4 hover:text-fd-accent-foreground data-checked:text-fd-accent-foreground" aria-label="Copy Text"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clipboard" aria-hidden="true"><rect width="8" height="4" x="8" y="2" rx="1" ry="1"></rect><path d="M16 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2"></path></svg></button></div><div role="region" tabindex="0" class="text-[0.8125rem] py-3.5 overflow-auto max-h-[600px] fd-scroll-container focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-inset focus-visible:ring-fd-ring" style="--padding-right:calc(var(--spacing) * 8)"><pre class="min-w-full w-max *:flex *:flex-col"><code><span class="line"><span></span></span>
<span class="line"><span> # Batch queries for efficiency</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> queries = [&quot;query 1&quot;, &quot;query 2&quot;, ...]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> candidate_lists = [[docs...], [docs...], ...]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span> results = reranker.batch_rerank(</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> queries, </span></span>
<span class="line"><span> candidate_lists,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> batch_size=32,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> k=10</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> )</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> </span></span></code></pre></div></figure>
<h2 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="deployment-considerations"><a data-card="" href="#deployment-considerations" class="peer">Deployment Considerations</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h2>
<h3 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="hardware-requirements"><a data-card="" href="#hardware-requirements" class="peer">Hardware Requirements</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Minimum</strong> : 4GB GPU memory</li>
<li><strong>Recommended</strong> : 8GB+ for batched inference</li>
<li><strong>CPU</strong> : Viable for low-throughput (&lt;10 QPS)</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="latency-optimization"><a data-card="" href="#latency-optimization" class="peer">Latency Optimization</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h3>
<ol>
<li><strong>Batching</strong> : Process multiple query-doc pairs together</li>
<li><strong>Quantization</strong> : INT8 reduces latency 40% with &lt;1% quality loss</li>
<li><strong>Early termination</strong> : Stop scoring when top-k is confident</li>
<li><strong>Caching</strong> : Cache scores for repeated query-document pairs</li>
</ol>
<h3 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="scaling"><a data-card="" href="#scaling" class="peer">Scaling</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h3>
<p>For high-throughput applications:</p>
<ul>
<li>Deploy multiple replicas behind load balancer</li>
<li>Use async inference with request queuing</li>
<li>Consider distilled smaller models for extreme latency requirements</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="model-release"><a data-card="" href="#model-release" class="peer">Model Release</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h2>
<p>The Zen Reranker is available under Apache 2.0:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Hugging Face</strong> : huggingface.co/zoo-labs/zen-reranker</li>
<li><strong>ONNX</strong> : Optimized for deployment</li>
<li><strong>TensorRT</strong> : NVIDIA-optimized variant</li>
</ul>
<h2 class="flex scroll-m-28 flex-row items-center gap-2" id="conclusion"><a data-card="" href="#conclusion" class="peer">Conclusion</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link size-3.5 shrink-0 text-fd-muted-foreground opacity-0 transition-opacity peer-hover:opacity-100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></h2>
<p>Two-stage retrieval with a quality reranker is the pragmatic choice for production search systems. The Zen Reranker provides state-of-the-art reranking in an efficient, easy-to-deploy package.</p>
<p>Fast first, then precise.</p>
<hr/>
<p><em>Zach Kelling is a co-founder of Zoo Labs Foundation.</em></p></div></main><!--$--><!--/$--><script src="/_next/static/chunks/e83606e8fa9cc796.js" id="_R_" async=""></script><script>(self.__next_f=self.__next_f||[]).push([0])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1:\"$Sreact.fragment\"\n2:I[106,[\"/_next/static/chunks/59d0ad1b64f8544e.js\"],\"RootProvider\"]\n3:I[53113,[\"/_next/static/chunks/4d80e004cf4896dd.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/350ee4303b732916.js\"],\"default\"]\n4:I[73211,[\"/_next/static/chunks/4d80e004cf4896dd.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/350ee4303b732916.js\"],\"default\"]\n5:I[10086,[\"/_next/static/chunks/59d0ad1b64f8544e.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/8de849ca74fc071f.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/e62b91212ee7f8ff.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/f19fe44237e54646.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/cb0a883bafeb6805.js\"],\"\"]\n7:I[89923,[\"/_next/static/chunks/4d80e004cf4896dd.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/350ee4303b732916.js\"],\"OutletBoundary\"]\n8:\"$Sreact.suspense\"\na:I[89923,[\"/_next/static/chunks/4d80e004cf4896dd.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/350ee4303b732916.js\"],\"ViewportBoundary\"]\nc:I[89923,[\"/_next/static/chunks/4d80e004cf4896dd.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/350ee4303b732916.js\"],\"MetadataBoundary\"]\ne:I[6998,[\"/_next/static/chunks/4d80e004cf4896dd.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/350ee4303b732916.js\"],\"default\"]\n:HL[\"/_next/static/chunks/f2332aac77592f9d.css\",\"style\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"0:{\"P\":null,\"b\":\"i-dnJM_MIpJSOCQWNJVMq\",\"c\":[\"\",\"blog\",\"zen-reranker\"],\"q\":\"\",\"i\":false,\"f\":[[[\"\",{\"children\":[\"blog\",{\"children\":[[\"slug\",\"zen-reranker\",\"d\"],{\"children\":[\"__PAGE__\",{}]}]}]},\"$undefined\",\"$undefined\",true],[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"c\",{\"children\":[[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/_next/static/chunks/f2332aac77592f9d.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\",\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-0\",{\"src\":\"/_next/static/chunks/59d0ad1b64f8544e.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}]],[\"$\",\"html\",null,{\"lang\":\"en\",\"className\":\"dark\",\"suppressHydrationWarning\":true,\"children\":[\"$\",\"body\",null,{\"className\":\"antialiased\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L3\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L4\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":[[\"$\",\"main\",null,{\"className\":\"flex min-h-screen flex-col items-center justify-center px-4 text-center\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mb-8 opacity-20\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"120\",\"height\":\"120\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 120 120\",\"fill\":\"none\",\"aria-hidden\":\"true\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"circle\",null,{\"cx\":\"60\",\"cy\":\"60\",\"r\":\"50\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\",\"strokeWidth\":\"3\",\"strokeLinecap\":\"round\",\"strokeDasharray\":\"280 40\"}]}]}],[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"text-xs font-mono uppercase tracking-[0.3em] text-fd-muted-foreground mb-4\",\"children\":\"404\"}],[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"text-3xl font-semibold mb-3\",\"children\":\"Page not found\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"text-fd-muted-foreground max-w-sm mb-10\",\"children\":\"This page doesn't exist, or it may have moved. 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