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href="/qwen-code-docs/en/tools/mcp-server/">MCP Server</a></li></ul></div></li><li class=""><a class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:flex x:rounded x:px-2 x:py-1.5 x:text-sm x:transition-colors x:[word-break:break-word] x:cursor-pointer x:contrast-more:border x:text-gray-600 x:hover:bg-gray-100 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-neutral-400 x:dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 x:dark:hover:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:border-transparent x:contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50" href="/qwen-code-docs/en/checkpointing/">Checkpointing Feature</a></li><li class=""><a class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:flex x:rounded x:px-2 x:py-1.5 x:text-sm x:transition-colors x:[word-break:break-word] x:cursor-pointer x:contrast-more:border x:text-gray-600 x:hover:bg-gray-100 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-neutral-400 x:dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 x:dark:hover:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:border-transparent x:contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50" href="/qwen-code-docs/en/extension/">Extension Development</a></li><li class=""><a class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:flex x:rounded x:px-2 x:py-1.5 x:text-sm x:transition-colors x:[word-break:break-word] x:cursor-pointer x:contrast-more:border x:text-gray-600 x:hover:bg-gray-100 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-neutral-400 x:dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 x:dark:hover:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:border-transparent x:contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50" href="/qwen-code-docs/en/ide-integration/">IDE Integration</a></li><li class=""><a class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:flex x:rounded x:px-2 x:py-1.5 x:text-sm x:transition-colors x:[word-break:break-word] x:cursor-pointer x:contrast-more:border x:text-gray-600 x:hover:bg-gray-100 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-neutral-400 x:dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 x:dark:hover:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:border-transparent x:contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50" href="/qwen-code-docs/en/telemetry/">Observability</a></li><li class=""><button class="x:transition x:cursor-pointer x:items-center x:justify-between x:gap-2 x:text-start x:w-full x:flex x:rounded x:px-2 x:py-1.5 x:text-sm x:transition-colors x:[word-break:break-word] x:cursor-pointer x:contrast-more:border x:text-gray-600 x:hover:bg-gray-100 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-neutral-400 x:dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 x:dark:hover:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:border-transparent x:contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50" data-href="/en/examples" type="button" data-headlessui-state="">Example Code<svg viewBox="0 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x:hover:bg-gray-100 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-neutral-400 x:dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 x:dark:hover:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:border-transparent x:contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50" href="/qwen-code-docs/en/troubleshooting/">Troubleshooting</a></li><li class=""><a class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:flex x:rounded x:px-2 x:py-1.5 x:text-sm x:transition-colors x:[word-break:break-word] x:cursor-pointer x:contrast-more:border x:text-gray-600 x:hover:bg-gray-100 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-neutral-400 x:dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 x:dark:hover:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:contrast-more:border-transparent x:contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50" href="/qwen-code-docs/en/tos-privacy/">Terms of Service &amp; Privacy</a></li><li class=""><a class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus 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x:scroll-my-6 x:scroll-py-6"><a href="#how-to-use-run_shell_command-with-qwen-code" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:font-semibold x:block x:transition-colors x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-gray-600 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:dark:hover:text-gray-300 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:underline x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:break-words">How to use <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> with Qwen Code</a></li><li class="x:my-2 x:scroll-my-6 x:scroll-py-6"><a href="#required-background-parameter" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:ms-3 x:block x:transition-colors x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-gray-600 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:dark:hover:text-gray-300 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:underline x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:break-words">Required Background Parameter</a></li><li class="x:my-2 x:scroll-my-6 x:scroll-py-6"><a href="#background-vs-foreground-execution" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:ms-3 x:block x:transition-colors x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-gray-600 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:dark:hover:text-gray-300 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:underline x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:break-words">Background vs Foreground Execution</a></li><li class="x:my-2 x:scroll-my-6 x:scroll-py-6"><a href="#execution-information" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:ms-3 x:block x:transition-colors x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-gray-600 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:dark:hover:text-gray-300 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:underline x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:break-words">Execution Information</a></li><li class="x:my-2 x:scroll-my-6 x:scroll-py-6"><a href="#run_shell_command-examples" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:font-semibold x:block x:transition-colors x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-gray-600 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:dark:hover:text-gray-300 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:underline x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:break-words"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> examples</a></li><li class="x:my-2 x:scroll-my-6 x:scroll-py-6"><a href="#important-notes" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:font-semibold x:block x:transition-colors x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-gray-600 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:dark:hover:text-gray-300 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:underline x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:break-words">Important notes</a></li><li class="x:my-2 x:scroll-my-6 x:scroll-py-6"><a href="#environment-variables" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:font-semibold x:block x:transition-colors x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-gray-600 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:dark:hover:text-gray-300 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:underline x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:break-words">Environment Variables</a></li><li class="x:my-2 x:scroll-my-6 x:scroll-py-6"><a href="#command-restrictions" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:font-semibold x:block x:transition-colors x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-gray-600 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:dark:hover:text-gray-300 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:underline x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:break-words">Command Restrictions</a></li><li class="x:my-2 x:scroll-my-6 x:scroll-py-6"><a href="#command-restriction-examples" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:ms-3 x:block x:transition-colors x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-gray-600 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:dark:hover:text-gray-300 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:underline x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:break-words">Command Restriction Examples</a></li><li class="x:my-2 x:scroll-my-6 x:scroll-py-6"><a href="#security-note-for-excludetools" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:font-semibold x:block x:transition-colors x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-gray-600 x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:dark:hover:text-gray-300 x:contrast-more:text-gray-900 x:contrast-more:underline x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 x:break-words">Security Note for <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">excludeTools</code></a></li></ul><div class="x:grid x:gap-2 x:py-4 x:mx-4 x:border-t nextra-border"><a href="https://github.com/QwenLM/qwen-code/issues/new?title=Feedback%20for%20%E2%80%9CShell%20Tool%20(run_shell_command)%E2%80%9D&amp;labels=feedback" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:text-xs x:font-medium x:transition x:text-gray-600 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:hover:text-gray-800 x:dark:hover:text-gray-200 x:contrast-more:text-gray-700 x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-100">Question? Give us feedback<!-- --> <svg fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.7" viewBox="0 0 24 24" height="1em" class="x:inline x:align-baseline x:shrink-0"><path d="M7 17L17 7"></path><path d="M7 7h10v10"></path></svg></a><a href="https://github.com/QwenLM/qwen-code/blob/main/docs/content/en/tools/shell.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:text-xs x:font-medium x:transition x:text-gray-600 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:hover:text-gray-800 x:dark:hover:text-gray-200 x:contrast-more:text-gray-700 x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-100">Edit this page<!-- --> <svg fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.7" viewBox="0 0 24 24" height="1em" class="x:inline x:align-baseline x:shrink-0"><path d="M7 17L17 7"></path><path d="M7 7h10v10"></path></svg></a><button class="x:transition x:cursor-pointer x:flex x:items-center x:gap-1.5 x:whitespace-nowrap x:opacity-0 x:text-xs x:font-medium x:transition x:text-gray-600 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:hover:text-gray-800 x:dark:hover:text-gray-200 x:contrast-more:text-gray-700 x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-100" aria-hidden="true" type="button" disabled="" data-headlessui-state="disabled" data-disabled="">Scroll to top<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-width="2" height="1.1em" class="x:-rotate-90 x:border x:rounded-full x:border-current"><path d="M9 5l7 7-7 7" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></button></div></div></nav><article class="x:w-full x:min-w-0 x:break-words x:min-h-[calc(100vh-var(--nextra-navbar-height))] x:text-slate-700 x:dark:text-slate-200 x:pb-8 x:px-4 x:pt-4 x:md:px-12"><div class="nextra-breadcrumb x:mt-1.5 x:flex x:items-center x:gap-1 x:overflow-hidden x:text-sm x:text-gray-600 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:contrast-more:text-current"><a class="x:whitespace-nowrap x:transition-colors x:min-w-6 x:overflow-hidden x:text-ellipsis x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:ring-inset x:hover:text-gray-900 x:dark:hover:text-gray-100" title="Tools Collection" href="/qwen-code-docs/en/tools/">Tools Collection</a><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-width="2" height="14" class="x:shrink-0 x:rtl:rotate-180"><path d="M9 5l7 7-7 7" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg><span class="x:whitespace-nowrap x:transition-colors x:font-medium x:text-black x:dark:text-gray-100" title="Shell Tools">Shell Tools</span></div><div id="nextra-skip-nav"></div><main data-pagefind-body="true"><h1 class="x:tracking-tight x:text-slate-900 x:dark:text-slate-100 x:font-bold x:mt-2 x:text-4xl">Shell Tool (<code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code>)</h1>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">This document describes the <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> tool for Qwen Code.</p>
<h2 id="description" class="x:tracking-tight x:text-slate-900 x:dark:text-slate-100 x:font-semibold x:target:animate-[fade-in_1.5s] x:mt-10 x:border-b x:pb-1 x:text-3xl nextra-border">Description<a href="#description" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h2>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">Use <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> to interact with the underlying system, run scripts, or perform command-line operations. <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> executes a given shell command. On Windows, the command will be executed with <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">cmd.exe /c</code>. On other platforms, the command will be executed with <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">bash -c</code>.</p>
<h3 id="arguments" class="x:tracking-tight x:text-slate-900 x:dark:text-slate-100 x:font-semibold x:target:animate-[fade-in_1.5s] x:mt-8 x:text-2xl">Arguments<a href="#arguments" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h3>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> takes the following arguments:</p>
<ul class="x:[:is(ol,ul)_&amp;]:my-[.75em] x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:list-disc x:ms-[1.5em]">
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">command</code> (string, required): The exact shell command to execute.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">description</code> (string, optional): A brief description of the command’s purpose, which will be shown to the user.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">directory</code> (string, optional): The directory (relative to the project root) in which to execute the command. If not provided, the command runs in the project root.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">is_background</code> (boolean, required): Whether to run the command in background. This parameter is required to ensure explicit decision-making about command execution mode. Set to true for long-running processes like development servers, watchers, or daemons that should continue running without blocking further commands. Set to false for one-time commands that should complete before proceeding.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="how-to-use-run_shell_command-with-qwen-code" class="x:tracking-tight x:text-slate-900 x:dark:text-slate-100 x:font-semibold x:target:animate-[fade-in_1.5s] x:mt-10 x:border-b x:pb-1 x:text-3xl nextra-border">How to use <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> with Qwen Code<a href="#how-to-use-run_shell_command-with-qwen-code" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h2>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">When using <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code>, the command is executed as a subprocess. You can control whether commands run in background or foreground using the <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">is_background</code> parameter, or by explicitly adding <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">&amp;</code> to commands. The tool returns detailed information about the execution, including:</p>
<h3 id="required-background-parameter" class="x:tracking-tight x:text-slate-900 x:dark:text-slate-100 x:font-semibold x:target:animate-[fade-in_1.5s] x:mt-8 x:text-2xl">Required Background Parameter<a href="#required-background-parameter" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h3>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">The <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">is_background</code> parameter is <strong>required</strong> for all command executions. This design ensures that the LLM (and users) must explicitly decide whether each command should run in the background or foreground, promoting intentional and predictable command execution behavior. By making this parameter mandatory, we avoid unintended fallback to foreground execution, which could block subsequent operations when dealing with long-running processes.</p>
<h3 id="background-vs-foreground-execution" class="x:tracking-tight x:text-slate-900 x:dark:text-slate-100 x:font-semibold x:target:animate-[fade-in_1.5s] x:mt-8 x:text-2xl">Background vs Foreground Execution<a href="#background-vs-foreground-execution" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h3>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">The tool intelligently handles background and foreground execution based on your explicit choice:</p>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7"><strong>Use background execution (<code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">is_background: true</code>) for:</strong></p>
<ul class="x:[:is(ol,ul)_&amp;]:my-[.75em] x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:list-disc x:ms-[1.5em]">
<li class="x:my-[.5em]">Long-running development servers: <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">npm run start</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">npm run dev</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">yarn dev</code></li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]">Build watchers: <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">npm run watch</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">webpack --watch</code></li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]">Database servers: <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">mongod</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">mysql</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">redis-server</code></li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]">Web servers: <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">python -m http.server</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">php -S localhost:8000</code></li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]">Any command expected to run indefinitely until manually stopped</li>
</ul>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7"><strong>Use foreground execution (<code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">is_background: false</code>) for:</strong></p>
<ul class="x:[:is(ol,ul)_&amp;]:my-[.75em] x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:list-disc x:ms-[1.5em]">
<li class="x:my-[.5em]">One-time commands: <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">ls</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">cat</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">grep</code></li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]">Build commands: <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">npm run build</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">make</code></li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]">Installation commands: <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">npm install</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">pip install</code></li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]">Git operations: <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">git commit</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">git push</code></li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]">Test runs: <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">npm test</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">pytest</code></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="execution-information" class="x:tracking-tight x:text-slate-900 x:dark:text-slate-100 x:font-semibold x:target:animate-[fade-in_1.5s] x:mt-8 x:text-2xl">Execution Information<a href="#execution-information" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h3>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">The tool returns detailed information about the execution, including:</p>
<ul class="x:[:is(ol,ul)_&amp;]:my-[.75em] x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:list-disc x:ms-[1.5em]">
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">Command</code>: The command that was executed.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">Directory</code>: The directory where the command was run.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">Stdout</code>: Output from the standard output stream.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">Stderr</code>: Output from the standard error stream.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">Error</code>: Any error message reported by the subprocess.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">Exit Code</code>: The exit code of the command.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">Signal</code>: The signal number if the command was terminated by a signal.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">Background PIDs</code>: A list of PIDs for any background processes started.</li>
</ul>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">Usage:</p>
<div data-pagefind-ignore="all" class="nextra-code x:relative x:not-first:mt-[1.25em]"><pre class="x:group x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:overflow-x-auto x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-[.9em] x:bg-white x:dark:bg-black x:py-4 x:ring-1 x:ring-inset x:ring-gray-300 x:dark:ring-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:ring-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:ring-gray-50 x:contrast-more:contrast-150 x:rounded-md not-prose" tabindex="0"><div class="x:group-hover:opacity-100 x:group-focus:opacity-100 x:opacity-0 x:transition x:focus-within:opacity-100 x:flex x:gap-1 x:absolute x:right-4 x:top-2"><button class="x:transition x:cursor-pointer x:border x:border-gray-300 x:dark:border-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:border-gray-50 x:rounded-md x:p-1.5 x:md:hidden" title="Toggle word wrap" type="button" data-headlessui-state=""><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" height="1em"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3l3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"></path></svg></button></div><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr"><span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">run_shell_command(command</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">&quot;Your commands.&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> description=&quot;Your description of the command.&quot;,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> directory=&quot;Your execution directory.&quot;,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> is_background=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF">false</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7"><strong>Note:</strong> The <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">is_background</code> parameter is required and must be explicitly specified for every command execution.</p>
<h2 id="run_shell_command-examples" class="x:tracking-tight x:text-slate-900 x:dark:text-slate-100 x:font-semibold x:target:animate-[fade-in_1.5s] x:mt-10 x:border-b x:pb-1 x:text-3xl nextra-border"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> examples<a href="#run_shell_command-examples" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h2>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">List files in the current directory:</p>
<div data-pagefind-ignore="all" class="nextra-code x:relative x:not-first:mt-[1.25em]"><pre class="x:group x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:overflow-x-auto x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-[.9em] x:bg-white x:dark:bg-black x:py-4 x:ring-1 x:ring-inset x:ring-gray-300 x:dark:ring-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:ring-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:ring-gray-50 x:contrast-more:contrast-150 x:rounded-md not-prose" tabindex="0"><div class="x:group-hover:opacity-100 x:group-focus:opacity-100 x:opacity-0 x:transition x:focus-within:opacity-100 x:flex x:gap-1 x:absolute x:right-4 x:top-2"><button class="x:transition x:cursor-pointer x:border x:border-gray-300 x:dark:border-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:border-gray-50 x:rounded-md x:p-1.5 x:md:hidden" title="Toggle word wrap" type="button" data-headlessui-state=""><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" height="1em"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3l3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"></path></svg></button></div><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr"><span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">run_shell_command(command</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">&quot;ls -la&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> is_background=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF">false</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">Run a script in a specific directory:</p>
<div data-pagefind-ignore="all" class="nextra-code x:relative x:not-first:mt-[1.25em]"><pre class="x:group x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:overflow-x-auto x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-[.9em] x:bg-white x:dark:bg-black x:py-4 x:ring-1 x:ring-inset x:ring-gray-300 x:dark:ring-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:ring-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:ring-gray-50 x:contrast-more:contrast-150 x:rounded-md not-prose" tabindex="0"><div class="x:group-hover:opacity-100 x:group-focus:opacity-100 x:opacity-0 x:transition x:focus-within:opacity-100 x:flex x:gap-1 x:absolute x:right-4 x:top-2"><button class="x:transition x:cursor-pointer x:border x:border-gray-300 x:dark:border-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:border-gray-50 x:rounded-md x:p-1.5 x:md:hidden" title="Toggle word wrap" type="button" data-headlessui-state=""><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" height="1em"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3l3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"></path></svg></button></div><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr"><span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">run_shell_command(command</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">&quot;./my_script.sh&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> directory=&quot;scripts&quot;,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> description=&quot;Run my custom script&quot;,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> is_background=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF">false</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">Start a background development server (recommended approach):</p>
<div data-pagefind-ignore="all" class="nextra-code x:relative x:not-first:mt-[1.25em]"><pre class="x:group x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:overflow-x-auto x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-[.9em] x:bg-white x:dark:bg-black x:py-4 x:ring-1 x:ring-inset x:ring-gray-300 x:dark:ring-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:ring-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:ring-gray-50 x:contrast-more:contrast-150 x:rounded-md not-prose" tabindex="0"><div class="x:group-hover:opacity-100 x:group-focus:opacity-100 x:opacity-0 x:transition x:focus-within:opacity-100 x:flex x:gap-1 x:absolute x:right-4 x:top-2"><button class="x:transition x:cursor-pointer x:border x:border-gray-300 x:dark:border-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:border-gray-50 x:rounded-md x:p-1.5 x:md:hidden" title="Toggle word wrap" type="button" data-headlessui-state=""><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" height="1em"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3l3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"></path></svg></button></div><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr"><span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">run_shell_command(command</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">&quot;npm run dev&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> description=&quot;Start development server in background&quot;,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> is_background=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF">true</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">Start a background server (alternative with explicit &amp;):</p>
<div data-pagefind-ignore="all" class="nextra-code x:relative x:not-first:mt-[1.25em]"><pre class="x:group x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:overflow-x-auto x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-[.9em] x:bg-white x:dark:bg-black x:py-4 x:ring-1 x:ring-inset x:ring-gray-300 x:dark:ring-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:ring-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:ring-gray-50 x:contrast-more:contrast-150 x:rounded-md not-prose" tabindex="0"><div class="x:group-hover:opacity-100 x:group-focus:opacity-100 x:opacity-0 x:transition x:focus-within:opacity-100 x:flex x:gap-1 x:absolute x:right-4 x:top-2"><button class="x:transition x:cursor-pointer x:border x:border-gray-300 x:dark:border-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:border-gray-50 x:rounded-md x:p-1.5 x:md:hidden" title="Toggle word wrap" type="button" data-headlessui-state=""><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" height="1em"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3l3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"></path></svg></button></div><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr"><span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">run_shell_command(command</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">&quot;npm run dev &amp;&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> description=&quot;Start development server in background&quot;,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> is_background=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF">false</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">Run a build command in foreground:</p>
<div data-pagefind-ignore="all" class="nextra-code x:relative x:not-first:mt-[1.25em]"><pre class="x:group x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:overflow-x-auto x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-[.9em] x:bg-white x:dark:bg-black x:py-4 x:ring-1 x:ring-inset x:ring-gray-300 x:dark:ring-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:ring-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:ring-gray-50 x:contrast-more:contrast-150 x:rounded-md not-prose" tabindex="0"><div class="x:group-hover:opacity-100 x:group-focus:opacity-100 x:opacity-0 x:transition x:focus-within:opacity-100 x:flex x:gap-1 x:absolute x:right-4 x:top-2"><button class="x:transition x:cursor-pointer x:border x:border-gray-300 x:dark:border-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:border-gray-50 x:rounded-md x:p-1.5 x:md:hidden" title="Toggle word wrap" type="button" data-headlessui-state=""><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" height="1em"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3l3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"></path></svg></button></div><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr"><span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">run_shell_command(command</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">&quot;npm run build&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> description=&quot;Build the project&quot;,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> is_background=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF">false</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">Start multiple background services:</p>
<div data-pagefind-ignore="all" class="nextra-code x:relative x:not-first:mt-[1.25em]"><pre class="x:group x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:overflow-x-auto x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-[.9em] x:bg-white x:dark:bg-black x:py-4 x:ring-1 x:ring-inset x:ring-gray-300 x:dark:ring-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:ring-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:ring-gray-50 x:contrast-more:contrast-150 x:rounded-md not-prose" tabindex="0"><div class="x:group-hover:opacity-100 x:group-focus:opacity-100 x:opacity-0 x:transition x:focus-within:opacity-100 x:flex x:gap-1 x:absolute x:right-4 x:top-2"><button class="x:transition x:cursor-pointer x:border x:border-gray-300 x:dark:border-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:border-gray-50 x:rounded-md x:p-1.5 x:md:hidden" title="Toggle word wrap" type="button" data-headlessui-state=""><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" height="1em"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3l3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"></path></svg></button></div><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr"><span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">run_shell_command(command</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">&quot;docker-compose up&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> description=&quot;Start all services&quot;,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF"> is_background=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF">true</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="important-notes" class="x:tracking-tight x:text-slate-900 x:dark:text-slate-100 x:font-semibold x:target:animate-[fade-in_1.5s] x:mt-10 x:border-b x:pb-1 x:text-3xl nextra-border">Important notes<a href="#important-notes" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h2>
<ul class="x:[:is(ol,ul)_&amp;]:my-[.75em] x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:list-disc x:ms-[1.5em]">
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><strong>Security:</strong> Be cautious when executing commands, especially those constructed from user input, to prevent security vulnerabilities.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><strong>Interactive commands:</strong> Avoid commands that require interactive user input, as this can cause the tool to hang. Use non-interactive flags if available (e.g., <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">npm init -y</code>).</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><strong>Error handling:</strong> Check the <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">Stderr</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">Error</code>, and <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">Exit Code</code> fields to determine if a command executed successfully.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><strong>Background processes:</strong> When <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">is_background=true</code> or when a command contains <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">&amp;</code>, the tool will return immediately and the process will continue to run in the background. The <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">Background PIDs</code> field will contain the process ID of the background process.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><strong>Background execution choices:</strong> The <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">is_background</code> parameter is required and provides explicit control over execution mode. You can also add <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">&amp;</code> to the command for manual background execution, but the <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">is_background</code> parameter must still be specified. The parameter provides clearer intent and automatically handles the background execution setup.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><strong>Command descriptions:</strong> When using <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">is_background=true</code>, the command description will include a <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">[background]</code> indicator to clearly show the execution mode.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="environment-variables" class="x:tracking-tight x:text-slate-900 x:dark:text-slate-100 x:font-semibold x:target:animate-[fade-in_1.5s] x:mt-10 x:border-b x:pb-1 x:text-3xl nextra-border">Environment Variables<a href="#environment-variables" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h2>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">When <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> executes a command, it sets the <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">QWEN_CODE=1</code> environment variable in the subprocess’s environment. This allows scripts or tools to detect if they are being run from within the CLI.</p>
<h2 id="command-restrictions" class="x:tracking-tight x:text-slate-900 x:dark:text-slate-100 x:font-semibold x:target:animate-[fade-in_1.5s] x:mt-10 x:border-b x:pb-1 x:text-3xl nextra-border">Command Restrictions<a href="#command-restrictions" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h2>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">You can restrict the commands that can be executed by the <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> tool by using the <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">coreTools</code> and <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">excludeTools</code> settings in your configuration file.</p>
<ul class="x:[:is(ol,ul)_&amp;]:my-[.75em] x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:list-disc x:ms-[1.5em]">
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">coreTools</code>: To restrict <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> to a specific set of commands, add entries to the <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">coreTools</code> list in the format <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command(&lt;command&gt;)</code>. For example, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">&quot;coreTools&quot;: [&quot;run_shell_command(git)&quot;]</code> will only allow <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">git</code> commands. Including the generic <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> acts as a wildcard, allowing any command not explicitly blocked.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">excludeTools</code>: To block specific commands, add entries to the <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">excludeTools</code> list in the format <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command(&lt;command&gt;)</code>. For example, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">&quot;excludeTools&quot;: [&quot;run_shell_command(rm)&quot;]</code> will block <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">rm</code> commands.</li>
</ul>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">The validation logic is designed to be secure and flexible:</p>
<ol class="x:[:is(ol,ul)_&amp;]:my-[.75em] x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:list-decimal x:ms-6">
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><strong>Command Chaining Disabled</strong>: The tool automatically splits commands chained with <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">&amp;&amp;</code>, <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">||</code>, or <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">;</code> and validates each part separately. If any part of the chain is disallowed, the entire command is blocked.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><strong>Prefix Matching</strong>: The tool uses prefix matching. For example, if you allow <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">git</code>, you can run <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">git status</code> or <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">git log</code>.</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><strong>Blocklist Precedence</strong>: The <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">excludeTools</code> list is always checked first. If a command matches a blocked prefix, it will be denied, even if it also matches an allowed prefix in <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">coreTools</code>.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="command-restriction-examples" class="x:tracking-tight x:text-slate-900 x:dark:text-slate-100 x:font-semibold x:target:animate-[fade-in_1.5s] x:mt-8 x:text-2xl">Command Restriction Examples<a href="#command-restriction-examples" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h3>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7"><strong>Allow only specific command prefixes</strong></p>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">To allow only <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">git</code> and <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">npm</code> commands, and block all others:</p>
<div data-pagefind-ignore="all" class="nextra-code x:relative x:not-first:mt-[1.25em]"><pre class="x:group x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:overflow-x-auto x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-[.9em] x:bg-white x:dark:bg-black x:py-4 x:ring-1 x:ring-inset x:ring-gray-300 x:dark:ring-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:ring-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:ring-gray-50 x:contrast-more:contrast-150 x:rounded-md not-prose" tabindex="0"><div class="x:group-hover:opacity-100 x:group-focus:opacity-100 x:opacity-0 x:transition x:focus-within:opacity-100 x:flex x:gap-1 x:absolute x:right-4 x:top-2"><button class="x:transition x:cursor-pointer x:border x:border-gray-300 x:dark:border-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:border-gray-50 x:rounded-md x:p-1.5 x:md:hidden" title="Toggle word wrap" type="button" data-headlessui-state=""><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" height="1em"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3l3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"></path></svg></button></div><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr"><span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">{</span></span>
<span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF"> &quot;coreTools&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">&quot;run_shell_command(git)&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">&quot;run_shell_command(npm)&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">]</span></span>
<span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul class="x:[:is(ol,ul)_&amp;]:my-[.75em] x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:list-disc x:ms-[1.5em]">
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">git status</code>: Allowed</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">npm install</code>: Allowed</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">ls -l</code>: Blocked</li>
</ul>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7"><strong>Block specific command prefixes</strong></p>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">To block <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">rm</code> and allow all other commands:</p>
<div data-pagefind-ignore="all" class="nextra-code x:relative x:not-first:mt-[1.25em]"><pre class="x:group x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:overflow-x-auto x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-[.9em] x:bg-white x:dark:bg-black x:py-4 x:ring-1 x:ring-inset x:ring-gray-300 x:dark:ring-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:ring-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:ring-gray-50 x:contrast-more:contrast-150 x:rounded-md not-prose" tabindex="0"><div class="x:group-hover:opacity-100 x:group-focus:opacity-100 x:opacity-0 x:transition x:focus-within:opacity-100 x:flex x:gap-1 x:absolute x:right-4 x:top-2"><button class="x:transition x:cursor-pointer x:border x:border-gray-300 x:dark:border-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:border-gray-50 x:rounded-md x:p-1.5 x:md:hidden" title="Toggle word wrap" type="button" data-headlessui-state=""><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" height="1em"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3l3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"></path></svg></button></div><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr"><span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">{</span></span>
<span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF"> &quot;coreTools&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">&quot;run_shell_command&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">],</span></span>
<span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF"> &quot;excludeTools&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">&quot;run_shell_command(rm)&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">]</span></span>
<span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul class="x:[:is(ol,ul)_&amp;]:my-[.75em] x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:list-disc x:ms-[1.5em]">
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">rm -rf /</code>: Blocked</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">git status</code>: Allowed</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">npm install</code>: Allowed</li>
</ul>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7"><strong>Blocklist takes precedence</strong></p>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">If a command prefix is in both <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">coreTools</code> and <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">excludeTools</code>, it will be blocked.</p>
<div data-pagefind-ignore="all" class="nextra-code x:relative x:not-first:mt-[1.25em]"><pre class="x:group x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:overflow-x-auto x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-[.9em] x:bg-white x:dark:bg-black x:py-4 x:ring-1 x:ring-inset x:ring-gray-300 x:dark:ring-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:ring-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:ring-gray-50 x:contrast-more:contrast-150 x:rounded-md not-prose" tabindex="0"><div class="x:group-hover:opacity-100 x:group-focus:opacity-100 x:opacity-0 x:transition x:focus-within:opacity-100 x:flex x:gap-1 x:absolute x:right-4 x:top-2"><button class="x:transition x:cursor-pointer x:border x:border-gray-300 x:dark:border-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:border-gray-50 x:rounded-md x:p-1.5 x:md:hidden" title="Toggle word wrap" type="button" data-headlessui-state=""><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" height="1em"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3l3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"></path></svg></button></div><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr"><span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">{</span></span>
<span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF"> &quot;coreTools&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">&quot;run_shell_command(git)&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">],</span></span>
<span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF"> &quot;excludeTools&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">&quot;run_shell_command(git push)&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">]</span></span>
<span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul class="x:[:is(ol,ul)_&amp;]:my-[.75em] x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:list-disc x:ms-[1.5em]">
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">git push origin main</code>: Blocked</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">git status</code>: Allowed</li>
</ul>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7"><strong>Block all shell commands</strong></p>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">To block all shell commands, add the <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> wildcard to <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">excludeTools</code>:</p>
<div data-pagefind-ignore="all" class="nextra-code x:relative x:not-first:mt-[1.25em]"><pre class="x:group x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:overflow-x-auto x:subpixel-antialiased x:text-[.9em] x:bg-white x:dark:bg-black x:py-4 x:ring-1 x:ring-inset x:ring-gray-300 x:dark:ring-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:ring-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:ring-gray-50 x:contrast-more:contrast-150 x:rounded-md not-prose" tabindex="0"><div class="x:group-hover:opacity-100 x:group-focus:opacity-100 x:opacity-0 x:transition x:focus-within:opacity-100 x:flex x:gap-1 x:absolute x:right-4 x:top-2"><button class="x:transition x:cursor-pointer x:border x:border-gray-300 x:dark:border-neutral-700 x:contrast-more:border-gray-900 x:contrast-more:dark:border-gray-50 x:rounded-md x:p-1.5 x:md:hidden" title="Toggle word wrap" type="button" data-headlessui-state=""><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" height="1em"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3l3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"></path></svg></button></div><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr"><span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">{</span></span>
<span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF"> &quot;excludeTools&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF">&quot;run_shell_command&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">]</span></span>
<span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul class="x:[:is(ol,ul)_&amp;]:my-[.75em] x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:list-disc x:ms-[1.5em]">
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">ls -l</code>: Blocked</li>
<li class="x:my-[.5em]"><code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">any other command</code>: Blocked</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="security-note-for-excludetools" class="x:tracking-tight x:text-slate-900 x:dark:text-slate-100 x:font-semibold x:target:animate-[fade-in_1.5s] x:mt-10 x:border-b x:pb-1 x:text-3xl nextra-border">Security Note for <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">excludeTools</code><a href="#security-note-for-excludetools" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus subheading-anchor" aria-label="Permalink for this section"></a></h2>
<p class="x:not-first:mt-[1.25em] x:leading-7">Command-specific restrictions in <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">excludeTools</code> for <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">run_shell_command</code> are based on simple string matching and can be easily bypassed. This feature is <strong>not a security mechanism</strong> and should not be relied upon to safely execute untrusted code. It is recommended to use <code class="nextra-code" dir="ltr">coreTools</code> to explicitly select commands
that can be executed.</p></main><div class="x:mt-12 x:mb-8 x:text-xs x:text-gray-600 x:text-end x:dark:text-gray-400">Last updated on<!-- --> <time dateTime="2026-09-17T17:32:34.000Z">September 17, 2026</time></div><div class="x:mb-8 x:flex x:items-center x:border-t x:pt-8 nextra-border x:print:hidden"><a title="Multi-File Read Tools" class="x:focus-visible:nextra-focus x:text-gray-600 x:dark:text-gray-400 x:hover:text-gray-800 x:dark:hover:text-gray-200 x:contrast-more:text-gray-700 x:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-100 x:flex x:max-w-[50%] x:items-center x:gap-1 x:py-4 x:text-base x:font-medium x:transition-colors x:[word-break:break-word] x:md:text-lg x:pe-4" href="/qwen-code-docs/en/tools/multi-file/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-width="2" height="20" class="x:inline x:shrink-0 x:ltr:rotate-180"><path d="M9 5l7 7-7 7" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg>Multi-File Read Tools</a><a title="Web Fetch Tools" 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