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196 lines
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196 lines
8.5 KiB
TeX
\section{Conclusion}
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\label{sec:conclusion}
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% ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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ZooPlatform demonstrates that adaptive gamification, AI-assisted
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identification, Bayesian quality modeling, and token-based incentives
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can produce citizen science data that approaches professional survey
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quality at a fraction of the cost. By directing observer effort toward
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scientifically valuable observations through RL-powered challenges,
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the platform reduces the spatial, temporal, and taxonomic biases that
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limit the utility of traditional citizen science data. The integration
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with Zoo DAO governance ensures that active contributors have voice in
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how their data is used, creating a self-governing scientific community.
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After 14 months, ZooPlatform has enrolled 23{,}847 contributors across
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41 countries, generating 4.2 million observations covering 12{,}394
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species. These data are freely available under CC-BY-4.0 through the Zoo
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Open Science Network, contributing to the Foundation's mission of open,
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decentralized biodiversity science.
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% ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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% References
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% ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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\bibliographystyle{plainnat}
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\begin{thebibliography}{30}
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\bibitem[Agrawal \& Goyal(2013)]{agrawal2013thompson}
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Agrawal, S. and Goyal, N.
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\newblock Thompson sampling for contextual bandits with linear payoffs.
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\newblock \emph{ICML}, pp. 127--135, 2013.
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\bibitem[Boakes et~al.(2010)]{boakes2010distorted}
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Boakes, E.H., McGowan, P.J.K., Fuller, R.A., et~al.
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\newblock Distorted views of biodiversity: Spatial and temporal bias in species
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occurrence data.
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\newblock \emph{PLOS Biology}, 8(6):e1000385, 2010.
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\bibitem[Bowser et~al.(2013)]{bowser2013gamifying}
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Bowser, A., Hansen, D., He, Y., et~al.
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\newblock Using gamification to inspire new citizen science volunteers.
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\newblock \emph{Gamification}, pp. 18--25, 2013.
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\bibitem[Courter et~al.(2013)]{courter2013weekend}
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Courter, J.R., Johnson, R.J., Stuyck, C.M., Lang, B.A., and Kaiser, E.W.
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\newblock Weekend bias in citizen science data reporting.
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\newblock \emph{International Journal of Biometeorology}, 57(5):715--720, 2013.
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\bibitem[Crowston et~al.(2020)]{crowston2020citizen}
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Crowston, K. and Prestopnik, N.R.
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\newblock Motivation and data quality in a citizen science game.
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\newblock \emph{HICSS}, pp. 450--459, 2020.
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\bibitem[Deci et~al.(1999)]{deci1999meta}
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Deci, E.L., Koestner, R., and Ryan, R.M.
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\newblock A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of
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extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation.
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\newblock \emph{Psychological Bulletin}, 125(6):627--668, 1999.
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\bibitem[Eveleigh et~al.(2014)]{eveleigh2014designing}
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Eveleigh, A., Jennett, C., Blandford, A., Brohan, P., and Cox, A.L.
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\newblock Designing for dabblers and deterring drop-outs in citizen science.
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\newblock \emph{CHI}, pp. 2985--2994, 2014.
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\bibitem[GBIF(2024)]{gbif2024}
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GBIF.
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\newblock Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
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\newblock \url{https://www.gbif.org}, 2024.
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\bibitem[Go{\"e}au et~al.(2022)]{goeau2022overview}
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Go{\"e}au, H., Bonnet, P., and Joly, A.
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\newblock Overview of PlantCLEF 2022.
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\newblock \emph{CLEF}, 2022.
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\bibitem[iNaturalist(2024)]{inaturalist2024}
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iNaturalist.
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\newblock iNaturalist.
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\newblock \url{https://www.inaturalist.org}, 2024.
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\bibitem[Isaac et~al.(2014)]{isaac2014statistics}
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Isaac, N.J., van~Strien, A.J., de~Zeeuw, M.P., et~al.
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\newblock Statistics for citizen science: Extracting signals of change from
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noisy ecological data.
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\newblock \emph{Methods in Ecology and Evolution}, 5(10):1052--1060, 2014.
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\bibitem[Johnston et~al.(2020)]{johnston2020analytical}
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Johnston, A., Hochachka, W.M., Strimas-Mackey, M.E., et~al.
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\newblock Analytical guidelines to increase the value of community science data.
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\newblock \emph{Biological Conservation}, 244:108410, 2020.
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\bibitem[Kahl et~al.(2021)]{kahl2021birdnet}
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Kahl, S., Wood, C.M., Eibl, M., and Klinck, H.
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\newblock BirdNET: Deep learning for avian diversity monitoring.
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\newblock \emph{Ecological Informatics}, 61:101236, 2021.
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\bibitem[Kelling et~al.(2015)]{kelling2015can}
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Kelling, S., Johnston, A., Hochachka, W.M., et~al.
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\newblock Can observation skills of citizen scientists be estimated using species
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accumulation curves?
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\newblock \emph{PLOS ONE}, 10(10):e0139600, 2015.
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\bibitem[Preece(2016)]{preece2019citizen}
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Preece, J.
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\newblock Citizen science: New research challenges for human-computer
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interaction.
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\newblock \emph{International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction},
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32(8):585--612, 2016.
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\bibitem[Sauermann \& Franzoni(2015)]{sauermann2015crowd}
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Sauermann, H. and Franzoni, C.
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\newblock Crowd science user contribution patterns and their implications.
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\newblock \emph{PNAS}, 112(3):679--684, 2015.
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\bibitem[Simpson et~al.(2014)]{simpson2014zooniverse}
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Simpson, R., Page, K.R., and De~Roure, D.
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\newblock Zooniverse: Observing the world's largest citizen science platform.
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\newblock \emph{WWW}, pp. 1049--1054, 2014.
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\bibitem[Sullivan et~al.(2014)]{sullivan2014ebird}
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Sullivan, B.L., Aycrigg, J.L., Barry, J.H., et~al.
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\newblock The eBird enterprise: An integrated approach to development and
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application of citizen science.
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\newblock \emph{Biological Conservation}, 169:31--40, 2014.
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\bibitem[Terry et~al.(2020)]{terry2020think}
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Terry, J.C.D., Roy, H.E., and August, T.A.
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\newblock Thinking like a naturalist: Enhancing computer vision of citizen
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science images.
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\newblock \emph{Methods in Ecology and Evolution}, 11(2):303--315, 2020.
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\bibitem[Theobald et~al.(2015)]{theobald2015global}
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Theobald, E.J., Ettinger, A.K., Burgess, H.K., et~al.
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\newblock Global change and local solutions: Tapping the unrealized potential
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of citizen science for biodiversity research.
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\newblock \emph{Biological Conservation}, 181:236--244, 2015.
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\bibitem[Troudet et~al.(2017)]{troudet2017taxonomic}
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Troudet, J., Grandcolas, P., Blin, A., Vignes-Lebbe, R., and Legendre, F.
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\newblock Taxonomic bias in biodiversity data and societal preferences.
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\newblock \emph{Scientific Reports}, 7:9132, 2017.
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\bibitem[Van~Horn et~al.(2021)]{van2021benchmarking}
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Van~Horn, G., Cole, E., Beery, S., et~al.
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\newblock Benchmarking representation learning for natural world images.
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\newblock \emph{CVPR}, pp. 12884--12893, 2021.
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\bibitem[Bonney et~al.(2009)]{bonney2009citizen}
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Bonney, R., Cooper, C.B., Dickinson, J., et~al.
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\newblock Citizen science: A developing tool for expanding science knowledge
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and scientific literacy.
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\newblock \emph{BioScience}, 59(11):977--984, 2009.
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\bibitem[Dickinson et~al.(2012)]{dickinson2012current}
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Dickinson, J.L., Shirk, J., Bonter, D., et~al.
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\newblock The current state of citizen science as a tool for ecological
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research and public engagement.
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\newblock \emph{Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment}, 10(6):291--297, 2012.
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\bibitem[Kosmala et~al.(2016)]{kosmala2016assessing}
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Kosmala, M., Wiggins, A., Swanson, A., and Simmons, B.
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\newblock Assessing data quality in citizen science.
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\newblock \emph{Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment}, 14(10):551--560, 2016.
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\bibitem[Pocock et~al.(2015)]{pocock2015developing}
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Pocock, M.J., Chapman, D.S., Sheppard, L.J., and Roy, H.E.
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\newblock Choosing and using citizen science.
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\newblock Centre for Ecology \& Hydrology, 2015.
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\bibitem[Silvertown et~al.(2015)]{silvertown2015new}
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Silvertown, J., Harvey, M., Greenwood, R., et~al.
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\newblock Crowdsourcing the identification of organisms.
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\newblock \emph{Trends in Ecology \& Evolution}, 30(3):149--150, 2015.
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\bibitem[Wiggins \& Crowston(2011)]{wiggins2011citizen}
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Wiggins, A. and Crowston, K.
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\newblock From conservation to crowdsourcing: A typology of citizen science.
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\newblock \emph{HICSS}, pp. 1--10, 2011.
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\bibitem[Haklay(2013)]{haklay2013citizen}
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Haklay, M.
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\newblock Citizen science and volunteered geographic information.
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\newblock In \emph{Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge}, pp. 105--122.
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Springer, 2013.
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\bibitem[Chandler et~al.(2017)]{chandler2017contribution}
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Chandler, M., See, L., Copas, K., et~al.
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\newblock Contribution of citizen science towards international biodiversity
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monitoring.
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\newblock \emph{Biological Conservation}, 213:280--294, 2017.
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\end{thebibliography}
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