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papers/zoo-impact-bonds/sections/06-verification-oracle-network.tex

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\section{Verification Oracle Network}
\label{sec:oracle}
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\subsection{Data Sources}
The oracle network integrates four primary data streams:
\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\caption{Oracle data sources and their characteristics.}
\label{tab:oracle_sources}
\begin{tabular}{p{2.5cm}p{3cm}p{2cm}p{3cm}}
\toprule
\textbf{Source} & \textbf{Metrics} & \textbf{Frequency} &
\textbf{Confidence} \\
\midrule
Satellite imagery & Forest cover, NDVI & Weekly & High for area \\
Acoustic monitors & Species presence & Continuous & Medium-high \\
Camera traps & Species abundance & Continuous & High (focal spp.) \\
Citizen science & Occurrence, phenology & Variable & Medium \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\subsection{Consensus Mechanism}
Verifiers submit outcome assessments. The oracle uses a stake-weighted
median to aggregate:
\begin{equation}
O_{\text{consensus}} = \text{weighted-median}\!\left(
\{(o_j, s_j)\}_{j=1}^{J}\right)
\end{equation}
Verifiers outside 1.5 IQR of consensus lose a fraction of their stake.
\subsection{Confidence Scoring}
Each assessment includes a confidence score:
\begin{equation}
\text{Confidence} = \min\!\left(
w_1 \cdot \text{DataCoverage} +
w_2 \cdot \text{VerifierAgreement} +
w_3 \cdot \text{TemporalConsistency},\; 1.0
\right)
\end{equation}
Milestone payments require confidence $\geq 0.8$.
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