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38 lines
1.3 KiB
TeX
38 lines
1.3 KiB
TeX
\section{BLS Keypairs for Classical Consensus}
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\subsection{Dual-Key Architecture}
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Post-quantum operations (ML-KEM, ML-DSA) have higher computational and bandwidth costs than classical schemes. For time-critical consensus signing where quantum threats are not immediate, \KChain{} maintains parallel BLS12-381 keypairs.
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\begin{table}[h]
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}{lll}
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\toprule
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\textbf{Operation} & \textbf{Classical (BLS)} & \textbf{Post-Quantum (ML-DSA-65)} \\
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\midrule
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Sign & 0.4 ms & 2.8 ms \\
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Verify & 1.2 ms & 0.9 ms \\
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Aggregate (100 sigs) & 1.5 ms & N/A (no native aggregation) \\
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Public key size & 48 bytes & 1,952 bytes \\
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Signature size & 96 bytes & 3,293 bytes \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\caption{BLS vs ML-DSA performance comparison}
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\label{tab:bls-vs-mldsa}
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\end{table}
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\subsection{Migration Strategy}
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\KChain{} implements a phased migration from classical to post-quantum:
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item \textbf{Phase 1 (Current)}: BLS for consensus, ML-DSA for long-term credentials and key archival.
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\item \textbf{Phase 2}: Hybrid signatures (BLS $\|$ ML-DSA) for consensus. Valid if either signature verifies.
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\item \textbf{Phase 3}: ML-DSA primary for consensus. BLS retained as fallback.
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\item \textbf{Phase 4}: ML-DSA only. BLS deprecated.
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\end{enumerate}
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Phase transitions are governed by DAO vote and triggered by quantum computing milestones.
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