Closes the last trusted-dealer caveat in the Bootstrap ceremony. The
trusted-dealer path is retained under a renamed alias for genesis
ceremonies where a non-distributed trust root is acceptable by policy
(publicly observable HSM-bound foundation MPC with commit-and-reveal
entropy from genesis validators).
Construction.
BootstrapPedersen drives the keyera-genesis ceremony through dkg2/
(Pedersen-DKG over R_q with public matrices A, B derived from BLAKE3-XOF
on the nothing-up-my-sleeve tags `corona.dkg2.{A,B}.v1`):
1. Each party samples Gaussian f_i, g_i in R_q^Nvec[x]_{deg<t}, runs
dkg2.Round1 → broadcasts Pedersen commits C_{i,k} = A·NTT(c_{i,k})
+ B·NTT(r_{i,k}) and sends (share_{i→j}, blind_{i→j}) privately
over an authenticated p2p channel.
2. Each recipient j runs dkg2.Round2Identify, verifying every incoming
pair against the commits in constant time. On mismatch the recipient
emits a signed ComplaintBadDelivery naming the misbehaving sender.
3. Each recipient holds its standard-form share s_j of the master
secret s; NO PARTY ever reconstructs s.
4. Path (a) noise flooding (LP-073 §07 Mapping). Each party broadcasts
β_j = A·NTT(λ_j · s_j) + e_j' where e_j' ~ D(σ'') and
σ'' = κ·σ_E·√n is the LP-073 §5 flood bound.
5. All parties aggregate b = Σ_j β_j = A·s + e'' in NTT-Mont; the
Corona-Sign-shaped public key bTilde = Round_Xi(b) drops cleanly
into threshold.GroupKey. The existing 2-round threshold-sign path
accepts the noise-flooded GroupKey unchanged.
Security claims.
- Hiding under decisional MLWE on the wide concatenation [A | B]
(Pedersen-DKG; papers/lp-073-pulsar §07).
- Per-party Gaussian flooding bound σ'' = κ·σ_E·√n covers the LWE
leakage budget (Path (a) flood-bound, LP-073 §5).
- Identifiable abort with constant-time verification (dkg2.Round2-
Identify; subtle.ConstantTimeCompare across all M slots).
- No master-secret reconstruction at any point in the ceremony
(structural; see TestBootstrapPedersen_NoMasterSecretInMemory).
Tests (keyera/bootstrap_pedersen_test.go; all green).
- TestBootstrapPedersen_RoundTrip — 5-party Pedersen-DKG with t=3;
transcript determinism; bTilde stability across entropy replays.
- TestBootstrapPedersen_DishonestDealer — tampered share-to-0 triggers
ErrBootstrapPedersenAbort naming sender 2; AbortEvidence carries a
re-checkable ComplaintBadDelivery.
- TestBootstrapPedersen_FollowedBySign — bootstrap → threshold-sign →
threshold.Verify PASS (the noise-flooded GroupKey is structurally
identical to a trusted-dealer Corona setup).
- TestBootstrapPedersen_NoMasterSecretInMemory — structural assertion
that dkg2.DKGSession exposes no master-secret field and no two
parties' SkShares/Lambdas collide.
- TestBootstrapPedersen_ParameterValidation — bounds checking.
- TestBootstrapPedersen_DefaultSuite — nil suite resolves to Corona-SHA3.
- TestBootstrapTrustedDealer_LegacyAlias — legacy alias byte-equivalent
to historical Bootstrap.
Documentation.
- AUDIT-2026-05.md — read-only SOTA refresh covering threshold lattice
DKG / signing literature 2024-2026. Verdict: Boschini-Takahashi-
Tibouchi 2024/1113 remains canonical; 2025 follow-ups (del Pino,
Doerner-Kondi, Hofheinz, Beimel-Eitan, Bos-Lyubashevsky, Crites-
Komlo-Maller) are complementary or non-blocking; no SOTA refresh
blocks this revision. Path (a) bound stays comfortable for committee
sizes up to n=256.
- DEPLOYMENT-RUNBOOK.md §Bootstrap-Trust — decision matrix documenting
Option A (BootstrapPedersen, recommended) vs Option B
(BootstrapTrustedDealer, ceremony-only).
- CHANGELOG.md — v0.7.3 entry listing the new public surface, tests,
and documentation deltas.
- keyera/keyera.go — inline trust-model documentation pointing at
BootstrapPedersen as the public-BFT-safe alternative.
API summary.
New (keyera package):
- BootstrapPedersen(suite, t, validators, groupID, eraID, entropy)
(*KeyEra, *BootstrapTranscript, error)
- FinishBootstrapPedersen(suite, t, validators, ..., dkgParams,
sessions, round1) (*KeyEra, *BootstrapTranscript, error)
- BootstrapTrustedDealer / BootstrapTrustedDealerWithSuite — legacy
aliases for the single-dealer ceremony.
- BootstrapTranscript — public, byte-stable ceremony record.
- AbortEvidence + ExtractAbortEvidence(err) — identifiable-abort
consumption surface.
- ErrBootstrapPedersenAbort, ErrBootstrapPedersenShape — typed errors.
Wire / KAT compatibility.
- Existing trusted-dealer KATs continue to byte-match
~/work/luxcpp/crypto/corona/ (no behaviour change on that path).
- BootstrapPedersen adds new ceremony bytes; deterministic given a
reproducible entropy stream. A future cross-runtime port can pin
them via BootstrapTranscript.TranscriptHash.
Corona
Lux is not merely adding post-quantum signatures to a chain; it defines a hybrid finality architecture for DAG-native consensus, with protocol-agnostic threshold lifecycle, post-quantum threshold sealing, and cross-chain propagation of Horizon finality.
See LP-105 §Claims and evidence for the canonical claims/evidence table and the ten architectural commitments — single source of truth.
Corona is the Lux Ring-LWE post-quantum threshold signature library
for Quasar consensus. The 2-round threshold construction line traces back
to the Boschini–Kaviani–Lai–Malavolta–Takahashi–Tibouchi R-LWE paper
(ePrint 2024/1113). Corona adds the
production lifecycle that line lacked: Pedersen DKG over R_q with proper
hiding, proactive resharing for epoch validator rotation, identifiable
abort, and the integration surface Quasar consumes.
The Module-LWE sibling library lives at luxfi/pulsar.
Pulsar's threshold signature output is byte-equal to FIPS 204 single-party
ML-DSA (NIST MPTC Class N1). The two libraries are independent — there is
no import line between them — and Quasar consumes them as parallel kernels
selected per-chain via FinalitySchemeID.
Why "Corona"
A corona is the luminous ring of light surrounding a star — visible only when the brighter central body (the Pulsar / Quasar) is partially occluded. Brand-paired with Pulsar (Module-LWE) and Quasar (the consensus that consumes both): the same family of threshold-finality light, observed at a different layer.
Production lifecycle additions
The original Boschini et al construction (ePrint 2024/1113) is a research artefact — trusted-dealer DKG, no proactive resharing, no integration surface. Corona is the production track that fills those gaps:
| Layer | Original R-LWE construction | Corona |
|---|---|---|
| 2-round threshold sign | ✅ same byte-equal protocol | ✅ inherited |
| Trusted-dealer Gen | ✅ for fixed federation | ✅ retained for bridge MPC |
| Proactive resharing for epoch validator rotation | ❌ not specified | 🚧 corona/reshare/ (this fork) |
| Pedersen DKG over R_q with proper hiding | ❌ not specified | 🚧 corona/dkg2/ (this fork) |
| Per-validator triple-sign integration with Quasar | ❌ N/A | 🚧 corona/consensus/ integration |
Composition with Pulsar as optional layered PQ defense
Corona is independently usable: a chain can pick Ring-LWE Corona as its sole PQ threshold layer, no cross-dependency on Pulsar. Lux primary- network QuasarCert combines both lattice families as a Double Lattice layered defence so a break in one family does not break finality:
QuasarCert {
BLS — optional classical fast-path (BLS-12-381 aggregate)
Corona — Ring-LWE threshold ML-DSA (this repo)
Pulsar — Module-LWE threshold ML-DSA (luxfi/pulsar)
MLDSARollup — per-validator ML-DSA-65 rolled up via STARK/FRI (P3Q)
}
Each layer is checkable independently with no shared code; selecting
the layer happens at chain-construction time via the FinalitySchemeID
axis on the chain's ChainSecurityProfile. The pure-PQ profile drops
BLS entirely and runs on Corona + Pulsar.
Layout
sign/— 2-round threshold signing (byte-equal with upstream)primitives/— Shamir, hashes, MACs, PRFs (byte-equal with upstream)utils/— NTT, Montgomery, ring helpers (byte-equal with upstream)networking/— TCP peer-to-peer (byte-equal with upstream)dkg/— original Lux DKG (Feldman VSS without noise; broken for public broadcast — see RED-DKG-REVIEW). Retained for reference.dkg2/— proper Pedersen DKG over R_q (Pulsar addition; this fork)reshare/— proactive secret resharing for epoch rotation (Pulsar addition; this fork)cmd/— KAT oracle generators
Status
WIP. The 2-round Sign+Verify path is byte-equal-validated against the original R-LWE construction (ePrint 2024/1113) via 16 SHA-256 KATs. The production-lifecycle additions (resharing + Pedersen DKG) are under design and implementation.