evm/core/rawdb/database.go

// (c) 2020-2020, Lux Industries, Inc.
//
// This file is a derived work, based on the go-ethereum library whose original
// notices appear below.
//
// It is distributed under a license compatible with the licensing terms of the
// original code from which it is derived.
//
// Much love to the original authors for their work.
// **********
// Copyright 2018 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package rawdb

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"time"

	"github.com/luxfi/geth/common"
	"github.com/luxfi/geth/ethdb"
	"github.com/luxfi/geth/ethdb/leveldb"
	"github.com/luxfi/geth/ethdb/memorydb"
	"github.com/luxfi/geth/ethdb/pebble"
	"github.com/luxfi/log"
	"github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter"
)

// nofreezedb is a database wrapper that disables freezer data retrievals.
type nofreezedb struct {
	ethdb.KeyValueStore
}

// HasAncient returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
func (db *nofreezedb) HasAncient(kind string, number uint64) (bool, error) {
	return false, errNotSupported
}

// Ancient returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
func (db *nofreezedb) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
	return nil, errNotSupported
}

// AncientRange returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
func (db *nofreezedb) AncientRange(kind string, start, max, maxByteSize uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
	return nil, errNotSupported
}

// Ancients returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
func (db *nofreezedb) Ancients() (uint64, error) {
	return 0, errNotSupported
}

// Tail returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
func (db *nofreezedb) Tail() (uint64, error) {
	return 0, errNotSupported
}

// AncientSize returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
func (db *nofreezedb) AncientSize(kind string) (uint64, error) {
	return 0, errNotSupported
}

// ModifyAncients is not supported.
func (db *nofreezedb) ModifyAncients(func(ethdb.AncientWriteOp) error) (int64, error) {
	return 0, errNotSupported
}

// TruncateHead returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
func (db *nofreezedb) TruncateHead(items uint64) (uint64, error) {
	return 0, errNotSupported
}

// TruncateTail returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
func (db *nofreezedb) TruncateTail(items uint64) (uint64, error) {
	return 0, errNotSupported
}

// Sync returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
func (db *nofreezedb) Sync() error {
	return errNotSupported
}

// SyncAncient returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
func (db *nofreezedb) SyncAncient() error {
	return errNotSupported
}

func (db *nofreezedb) ReadAncients(fn func(reader ethdb.AncientReaderOp) error) (err error) {
	// Unlike other ancient-related methods, this method does not return
	// errNotSupported when invoked.
	// The reason for this is that the caller might want to do several things:
	// 1. Check if something is in the freezer,
	// 2. If not, check leveldb.
	//
	// This will work, since the ancient-checks inside 'fn' will return errors,
	// and the leveldb work will continue.
	//
	// If we instead were to return errNotSupported here, then the caller would
	// have to explicitly check for that, having an extra clause to do the
	// non-ancient operations.
	return fn(db)
}

// MigrateTable processes the entries in a given table in sequence
// converting them to a new format if they're of an old format.
func (db *nofreezedb) MigrateTable(kind string, convert convertLegacyFn) error {
	return errNotSupported
}

// AncientDatadir returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
func (db *nofreezedb) AncientDatadir() (string, error) {
	return "", errNotSupported
}

// NewDatabase creates a high level database on top of a given key-value data
// store without a freezer moving immutable chain segments into cold storage.
func NewDatabase(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) ethdb.Database {
	return &nofreezedb{KeyValueStore: db}
}

// NewMemoryDatabase creates an ephemeral in-memory key-value database without a
// freezer moving immutable chain segments into cold storage.
func NewMemoryDatabase() ethdb.Database {
	return NewDatabase(memorydb.New())
}

// NewMemoryDatabaseWithCap creates an ephemeral in-memory key-value database
// with an initial starting capacity, but without a freezer moving immutable
// chain segments into cold storage.
func NewMemoryDatabaseWithCap(size int) ethdb.Database {
	return NewDatabase(memorydb.NewWithCap(size))
}

// NewLevelDBDatabase creates a persistent key-value database without a freezer
// moving immutable chain segments into cold storage.
func NewLevelDBDatabase(file string, cache int, handles int, namespace string, readonly bool) (ethdb.Database, error) {
	db, err := leveldb.New(file, cache, handles, namespace, readonly)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	log.Info("Using LevelDB as the backing database")
	return NewDatabase(db), nil
}

// NewPebbleDBDatabase creates a persistent key-value database without a freezer
// moving immutable chain segments into cold storage.
func NewPebbleDBDatabase(file string, cache int, handles int, namespace string, readonly, ephemeral bool) (ethdb.Database, error) {
	// Note: pebble.New doesn't support ephemeral parameter, ignoring it
	db, err := pebble.New(file, cache, handles, namespace, readonly)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return NewDatabase(db), nil
}

const (
	dbPebble  = "pebble"
	dbLeveldb = "leveldb"
)

// PreexistingDatabase checks the given data directory whether a database is already
// instantiated at that location, and if so, returns the type of database (or the
// empty string).
func PreexistingDatabase(path string) string {
	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(path, "CURRENT")); err != nil {
		return "" // No pre-existing db
	}
	if matches, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(path, "OPTIONS*")); len(matches) > 0 || err != nil {
		if err != nil {
			panic(err) // only possible if the pattern is malformed
		}
		return dbPebble
	}
	return dbLeveldb
}

// OpenOptions contains the options to apply when opening a database.
// OBS: If AncientsDirectory is empty, it indicates that no freezer is to be used.
type OpenOptions struct {
	Type      string // "leveldb" | "pebble"
	Directory string // the datadir
	Namespace string // the namespace for database relevant metrics
	Cache     int    // the capacity(in megabytes) of the data caching
	Handles   int    // number of files to be open simultaneously
	ReadOnly  bool
	// Ephemeral means that filesystem sync operations should be avoided: data integrity in the face of
	// a crash is not important. This option should typically be used in tests.
	Ephemeral bool
}

// openKeyValueDatabase opens a disk-based key-value database, e.g. leveldb or pebble.
//
//	                      type == null          type != null
//	                   +----------------------------------------
//	db is non-existent |  pebble default  |  specified type
//	db is existent     |  from db         |  specified type (if compatible)
func openKeyValueDatabase(o OpenOptions) (ethdb.Database, error) {
	// Reject any unsupported database type
	if len(o.Type) != 0 && o.Type != dbLeveldb && o.Type != dbPebble {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown db.engine %v", o.Type)
	}
	// Retrieve any pre-existing database's type and use that or the requested one
	// as long as there's no conflict between the two types
	existingDb := PreexistingDatabase(o.Directory)
	if len(existingDb) != 0 && len(o.Type) != 0 && o.Type != existingDb {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("db.engine choice was %v but found pre-existing %v database in specified data directory", o.Type, existingDb)
	}
	if o.Type == dbPebble || existingDb == dbPebble {
		log.Info("Using pebble as the backing database")
		return NewPebbleDBDatabase(o.Directory, o.Cache, o.Handles, o.Namespace, o.ReadOnly, o.Ephemeral)
	}
	if o.Type == dbLeveldb || existingDb == dbLeveldb {
		log.Info("Using leveldb as the backing database")
		return NewLevelDBDatabase(o.Directory, o.Cache, o.Handles, o.Namespace, o.ReadOnly)
	}
	// No pre-existing database, no user-requested one either. Default to Pebble.
	log.Info("Defaulting to pebble as the backing database")
	return NewPebbleDBDatabase(o.Directory, o.Cache, o.Handles, o.Namespace, o.ReadOnly, o.Ephemeral)
}

// Open opens both a disk-based key-value database such as leveldb or pebble, but also
// integrates it with a freezer database -- if the AncientDir option has been
// set on the provided OpenOptions.
// The passed o.AncientDir indicates the path of root ancient directory where
// the chain freezer can be opened.
func Open(o OpenOptions) (ethdb.Database, error) {
	kvdb, err := openKeyValueDatabase(o)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return kvdb, nil
}

type counter uint64

func (c counter) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%d", c)
}

func (c counter) Percentage(current uint64) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%d", current*100/uint64(c))
}

// stat stores sizes and count for a parameter
type stat struct {
	size  common.StorageSize
	count counter
}

// Add size to the stat and increase the counter by 1
func (s *stat) Add(size common.StorageSize) {
	s.size += size
	s.count++
}

func (s *stat) Size() string {
	return s.size.String()
}

func (s *stat) Count() string {
	return s.count.String()
}

// InspectDatabase traverses the entire database and checks the size
// of all different categories of data.
func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database, keyPrefix, keyStart []byte) error {
	it := db.NewIterator(keyPrefix, keyStart)
	defer it.Release()

	var (
		count  int64
		start  = time.Now()
		logged = time.Now()

		// Key-value store statistics
		headers         stat
		bodies          stat
		receipts        stat
		numHashPairings stat
		hashNumPairings stat
		legacyTries     stat
		stateLookups    stat
		accountTries    stat
		storageTries    stat
		codes           stat
		txLookups       stat
		accountSnaps    stat
		storageSnaps    stat
		preimages       stat
		bloomBits       stat
		cliqueSnaps     stat

		// State sync statistics
		codeToFetch   stat
		syncProgress  stat
		syncSegments  stat
		syncPerformed stat

		// Les statistic
		chtTrieNodes   stat
		bloomTrieNodes stat

		// Meta- and unaccounted data
		metadata    stat
		unaccounted stat

		// Totals
		total common.StorageSize
	)
	// Inspect key-value database first.
	for it.Next() {
		var (
			key  = it.Key()
			size = common.StorageSize(len(key) + len(it.Value()))
		)
		total += size
		switch {
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, headerPrefix) && len(key) == (len(headerPrefix)+8+common.HashLength):
			headers.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, blockBodyPrefix) && len(key) == (len(blockBodyPrefix)+8+common.HashLength):
			bodies.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, blockReceiptsPrefix) && len(key) == (len(blockReceiptsPrefix)+8+common.HashLength):
			receipts.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, headerPrefix) && bytes.HasSuffix(key, headerHashSuffix):
			numHashPairings.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, headerNumberPrefix) && len(key) == (len(headerNumberPrefix)+common.HashLength):
			hashNumPairings.Add(size)
		case IsLegacyTrieNode(key, it.Value()):
			legacyTries.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, stateIDPrefix) && len(key) == len(stateIDPrefix)+common.HashLength:
			stateLookups.Add(size)
		case IsAccountTrieNode(key):
			accountTries.Add(size)
		case IsStorageTrieNode(key):
			storageTries.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, CodePrefix) && len(key) == len(CodePrefix)+common.HashLength:
			codes.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, txLookupPrefix) && len(key) == (len(txLookupPrefix)+common.HashLength):
			txLookups.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, SnapshotAccountPrefix) && len(key) == (len(SnapshotAccountPrefix)+common.HashLength):
			accountSnaps.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, SnapshotStoragePrefix) && len(key) == (len(SnapshotStoragePrefix)+2*common.HashLength):
			storageSnaps.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, PreimagePrefix) && len(key) == (len(PreimagePrefix)+common.HashLength):
			preimages.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, configPrefix) && len(key) == (len(configPrefix)+common.HashLength):
			metadata.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, bloomBitsPrefix) && len(key) == (len(bloomBitsPrefix)+10+common.HashLength):
			bloomBits.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, BloomBitsIndexPrefix):
			bloomBits.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, syncStorageTriesPrefix) && len(key) == syncStorageTriesKeyLength:
			syncProgress.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, syncSegmentsPrefix) && len(key) == syncSegmentsKeyLength:
			syncSegments.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, CodeToFetchPrefix) && len(key) == codeToFetchKeyLength:
			codeToFetch.Add(size)
		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, syncPerformedPrefix) && len(key) == syncPerformedKeyLength:
			syncPerformed.Add(size)
		default:
			var accounted bool
			for _, meta := range [][]byte{
				databaseVersionKey, headHeaderKey, headBlockKey,
				snapshotRootKey, snapshotBlockHashKey, snapshotGeneratorKey,
				uncleanShutdownKey, syncRootKey, txIndexTailKey,
				persistentStateIDKey, trieJournalKey,
			} {
				if bytes.Equal(key, meta) {
					metadata.Add(size)
					accounted = true
					break
				}
			}
			if !accounted {
				unaccounted.Add(size)
			}
		}
		count++
		if count%1000 == 0 && time.Since(logged) > 8*time.Second {
			log.Info("Inspecting database", "count", count, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
			logged = time.Now()
		}
	}
	// Display the database statistic.
	stats := [][]string{
		{"Key-Value store", "Headers", headers.Size(), headers.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Bodies", bodies.Size(), bodies.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Receipt lists", receipts.Size(), receipts.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Block number->hash", numHashPairings.Size(), numHashPairings.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Block hash->number", hashNumPairings.Size(), hashNumPairings.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Transaction index", txLookups.Size(), txLookups.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Bloombit index", bloomBits.Size(), bloomBits.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Contract codes", codes.Size(), codes.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Hash trie nodes", legacyTries.Size(), legacyTries.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Path trie state lookups", stateLookups.Size(), stateLookups.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Path trie account nodes", accountTries.Size(), accountTries.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Path trie storage nodes", storageTries.Size(), storageTries.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Trie preimages", preimages.Size(), preimages.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Account snapshot", accountSnaps.Size(), accountSnaps.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Storage snapshot", storageSnaps.Size(), storageSnaps.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Clique snapshots", cliqueSnaps.Size(), cliqueSnaps.Count()},
		{"Key-Value store", "Singleton metadata", metadata.Size(), metadata.Count()},
		{"Light client", "CHT trie nodes", chtTrieNodes.Size(), chtTrieNodes.Count()},
		{"Light client", "Bloom trie nodes", bloomTrieNodes.Size(), bloomTrieNodes.Count()},
		{"State sync", "Trie segments", syncSegments.Size(), syncSegments.Count()},
		{"State sync", "Storage tries to fetch", syncProgress.Size(), syncProgress.Count()},
		{"State sync", "Code to fetch", codeToFetch.Size(), codeToFetch.Count()},
		{"State sync", "Block numbers synced to", syncPerformed.Size(), syncPerformed.Count()},
	}
	table := tablewriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	table.SetHeader([]string{"Database", "Category", "Size", "Items"})
	table.SetFooter([]string{"", "Total", total.String(), " "})
	table.AppendBulk(stats)
	table.Render()

	if unaccounted.size > 0 {
		log.Error("Database contains unaccounted data", "size", unaccounted.size, "count", unaccounted.count)
	}
	return nil
}

// ClearPrefix removes all keys in db that begin with prefix and match an
// expected key length. [keyLen] should include the length of the prefix.
func ClearPrefix(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, prefix []byte, keyLen int) error {
	it := db.NewIterator(prefix, nil)
	defer it.Release()

	batch := db.NewBatch()
	for it.Next() {
		key := common.CopyBytes(it.Key())
		if len(key) != keyLen {
			// avoid deleting keys that do not match the expected length
			continue
		}
		if err := batch.Delete(key); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if batch.ValueSize() > ethdb.IdealBatchSize {
			if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			batch.Reset()
		}
	}
	if err := it.Error(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return batch.Write()
}

/// TODO: Consider adding ReadChainMetadata